Basic Genetics

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Basic Genetics

• Part I. Chromosomes

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Chromosomes long organized strands of DNA

• Genes parts of chromosome that codes for a
  trait.
• Chromatid identical copy of chromosome
• Centromere middle, holds chromatids together.

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How you were made!

• Each of your parents contributed 1 of each of
  their chromosomes (23).
• At fertilization, their egg and sperm combine to
  give you 46 total chromosome.
• Zygote new offspring.

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Diploid vs. Haploid

• Diploid cells with 2 of every chromosome.
• - normal cells
• Haploid cells with 1 of every chromosome.
• - egg or sperm

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Homologous Chromosomes pairs of chromosomes

• Somatic Cells normal body cells all have pairs
  of chromsomes.
• Gametes cells with only one of each chromosome.
• - egg or sperm.

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Karyotype picture of all chromosome pairs in a
diploid cell.

• Autosomes normal chromosomes
• Sex Chromosomes chromosomes that determine
  gender.
• XX Female
• XY Male

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Homozygous vs. Heterozygous

• Alleles- each of the different types of genes
• Capital letters Dominant alleles
• Lowercase letters Recessive alleles
• Homozygous Both alleles are alike
• Dominant AA
• Recessive aa
• Heterozygous different alleles
• Aa