Russia and the Revolution

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Russia and the Revolution

• Communism Takes Over in 1917

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Russia is the Biggest Country
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Russia is Diverse
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Russias People are Diverse
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Russian Invasions and Invaders

• Northern tribe Slavs establish trading routes
  and city of Novgorod
• Vikings, (aka the Rus) come to the Slavs rescue
• Rurik the Viking becomes ruler of land known as
  Russia (862)
• Vladimir I unites Russia under Eastern Orthodox
  religion (form of Chritistianity)

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More Invasions

• Asian warriors, led by Batu Khan, take over
  Russia (1237) and rule for 200 years
• Russian princes fight back and regain control
  1480 (Ivan III and Basil III)
• Ivan IV (4th) established Czar (supreme ruler) in
  Moscow he is ruthless but unites Russia- 1547
  aka Ivan the Terrible
• Romanov family become Czar in 1613-open Russia to
  Europe

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Peter the Great Opens Window to the West

• Wanted Russia to be equal to great countries in
  Europe
• Brought Western knowledge and culture to Russia
• Established schools, artists, engineers,
  scientists, factories, museums, clothing,
  appearances of West

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Peter the Great cont

• Built a whole city called St. Petersburg and
  moved capital there
• Peasants no better off
• Catherine the Great rules 1762 for 34 years but
  continues to do nothing to improve peasants life
  so they rebel
• 1812 Napoleon Bonapart invades Russia

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Feudal System No Fun for Peasants

• Not enough food
• No opportunity for improvement
• Many leave farms for factories in cities
• 1905 Peasant uprising called Bloody Sunday
  stikes, riots, battles, deaths
• Revolutionary thinkers read about a different
  system called communism

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Communism

• Based on book by Karl Marx called The Communist
  Manifesto
• Idea is that the workers are what make the owners
  rich
• Workers should share equally in the success of
  the business
• So they need to rise up against the owners until
  there are no classes in society
• Then, government would not be needed

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Karl Marx
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World War I is the Catalyst for Change

• Czar Nicholas II gets Russia into WWI
• No food for peasants and they are forced to fight
• Peasants are starving and they revolt in 1917
• Czar and his family flee and are killed
• New government is established with promises for a
  democracy

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Czar Nicholas II and Family
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Romanov Family Mysteries

• Romanovs have 4 daughters but wanted a male heir
  to the throne
• 5th child born is a boy Alexei with
  hemophelia kept a secret
• Mom-Alexandra-tries to find a cure and calls on
  mystic Rasputin-Rasputin is corrupt and is
  killed by Romanovs
• After revolution, Romanovs are under house arrest
  and then shipped to Siberia
• They are shot but some say daughter-Anastasia
  escaped

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Rasputin
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Lenin starts another Revolution

• Vladimir Ilyich Lenin returns from exile to lead
  a new revolution based on the theory of Communism
• He calls his group the Bolsheviks or party of
  the masses/majority
• No central figure in charge. Instead Soviets or
  councils
• White Russians try to fight the Red Russians
  and lose

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Lenin Leads Communist Revolution
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Russia becomes the USSR

• Communists in charge of the soviet system of
  central planning
• Religion is the opiate of the masses and banned
• Strong police force helps to enforce obedience
• Secret raids kill many or banish them to Siberia

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New Leader Josef Stalin

• Stalin known as the man of steel
• Ruled USSR with an iron fist for 25 years until
  1953
• Focus was to improve with industry and factories
• Forced individual farmers to work for the
  collective told what to plant, how much, how to
  irrigate, how to harvest

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Stalin Man of Steel
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Life is Harsh in USSR

• Religion banned
• No freedom of speech without penalty of death,
  punishment or banishment
• Unquestioned loyalty to Stalins programs
• All production determined by the state
• Lack of food, clothes, poor quality goods
• Lack of incentive to work hard or smart
• Rule by fear, censorship over 50 years

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Faberge Egg-stravaganza-24 M
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Faberge Egg-stravaganzaForbes a Collector Until
his death
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Faberge Egg-stravaganza
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Kremlin-Seat of Russian Government
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Kremlin - church