Adult Solid Tumors

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Adult Solid Tumors
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Lung Cancers

• Accounts for approximately 15 cases
• Leads to 28 cancer deaths
• 80-90 lung cancers caused by smoking

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Risk factors

• Tobacco use
• Radon exposure
• Asbestos exposure

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Oncogenes/TSG

• Mutations in the p53 tumor supressor gene
• RB mutations
• Ras oncogenes

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Types of lung cancers

• Small-cell carcinoma
• cells appear small and round when viewed under
  the microscope (also called oat cell lung
  cancer)
• Nonsmall-cell carcinoma
• includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma,
  and large cell carcinoma

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Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Adenocarcinoma

• Adenocarcinoma usually develops on the outer
  boundaries of the lungs and is more commonly
  found in women than in men.

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Symptoms

• coughing, chest pain, and shortness of breath
• Consult doctor for
• A cough that doesnt go away
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain that doesnt go away
• Wheezing
• Coughing up blood
• Hoarseness
• Swelling of the face and neck
• Loss of appetite
• Unexplained weight loss
• Unusual tiredness

http//www.cancer.gov
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Diagnosis

• X-ray
• Sputum
• Biopsy
• Bronchoscopy. The doctor puts a bronchoscope (a
  thin, lighted tube) into the mouth or nose and
  down through the windpipe to look into the
  breathing passages. Through this tube, the doctor
  can collect cells or small samples of tissue.
• Needle aspiration. A needle is inserted through
  the chest into the tumor to remove a sample of
  tissue.
• Thoracentesis. Using a needle, the doctor removes
  a sample of the fluid that surrounds the lungs to
  check for cancer cells.
• Thoracotomy. Surgery to open the chest is
  sometimes needed to diagnose lung cancer. This
  procedure is a major operation performed in a
  hospital.

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Treatment

• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation
• 5 year survival rate 15

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Colon and rectum

• 15 cancer incidence
• 12 mortality
• Colon cancer twice as common as rectal carcimona

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Risk factors

• Family member
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Ulcerative colitis
• High fat/low fiber diets

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Mutations

• Early rask oncogene, APC and MCC tumor suppressor
  genes
• Progression accompanied by mutations in p53 and
  DCC tumor suppressor genes

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Symptoms

• This cancer usually does NOT exhibit signs in its
  early stages. As the disease progresses, any of
  the following may be seen
• Blood in the stool
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Bowel obstruction, causing nausea, vomiting and
  abdominal distention
• Abdominal pain
• Pelvic pain
• Anemia
• Weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue

http//www.colorectal-cancer.net
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Treatments

• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Other types of treatment are being tested in
  clinical trials, including biologic therapy

http//www.cancer.gov
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Breast Cancer

• 14 cancers
• 9 cancer mortality
• 1/10 women will develop disease

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Risk factors

• Mother/sisters with breast cancer
• Cancer in one breast
• No children
• 1st child after the age of 35
• Early menarche (
• Late menopause (55)
• Obesity

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Types

• 90 arise in the ducts
• Can get lobular and Pagets (nipple)

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Treatment

• Surgery/radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Hormone therapy
• Carcinoma in situ 90 curable, only 20 if
  metastasized to distant sites

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Prostate Cancer

• 10 cancer cases
• 6 cancer mortality
• 1/11 men will develop disease
• 80 cases 65 age

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Treatments

• Surgical treatments involves removal of the
  entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue
• Radiation treatment deals with unwanted side
  effects