The use of Geographical Information for an effective Land Administration in Romania

1
The use of Geographical Information for an
effective Land Administration in Romania
Digital Geographical Data Conference Budapest
April 16-17, 2004.
Virgil Pamfil Romania
2
Land Administration

• Along this presentation the term¹ Land
  Administration refers to the processes of
  recording and disseminating information about the
  ownership, value and use of land and associated
  resources.
• ¹ In line with UN-ECE Land Administration
  Guidelines

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Romania
Area 23,750,000 hectares 1,314,000 hectares
(built-up area) Over 15,000,000 real
properties Administrative organization -
Districts 41 Bucharest Municipality - Basic
administrative territories 283 towns (out of
which 70 municipalities) and 2.705 communes
(rural administrative territories).
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The key objective for the National Information
Policy

• Integration of different databases in order to
  make the informative framework available to
  different users, allowed to perform complex
  queries by intersecting data belonging to
  different informative layers and introducing a
  new key for their connection the geographic
  co-ordinates.

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Strategies towards Information Society

• 1998 - NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR AN UNITARY PLATFORM
  FOR THE KEY NATIONAL IT REGISTERS
• Population Register
• Administrative Territorial Units
• Trade Register
• Cadastre and Land Registry.
• 2001 - NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR e-GOVERNMENT
• Short/medium term Action Plans
• Establishes an Interactive Exchange System
  between the Property Registers and Local Public
  Administration (Action 8).

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EU Requirements

• The Framework Program 5 includes 4 Thematic
  Programs (Guidelines). The second Program called
  Establishment of a Friendly Information Society
  promotes the use of Geographic Information for
  socio-economic development.
• In order to accede to the EU in 2007, Romania
  must finalise all county plans and general urban
  plans. In this respect, by this deadline Romania
  must reach a clear and accurate cadastre and real
  property registration system, based on automated
  Geographic Information.

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New Legal and Institutional Framework

• CADASTRE ACT (7/1996)
• Established the National Cadastre Office as the
  leading cadastre authority.
• Art. 71 - The Cadastre and Land Registration
  Information System should be integrated in the
  Core National Information System.
• Art. 21 - The data in the Land Book could be
  retrieved and archived on microfilms and on media
  accessible to computing equipment. These have
  legal effects and probation force equivalent with
  the source paper documents.

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Cadastre vs. Specialised cadastres

• Cadastre - the official system of technical,
  economic and judicial evidence of real
  properties, that defines the area, the location,
  the configuration ant the value of all the land
  covering the national territory.
• Specialised cadastres (agricultural, forestry,
  waters, urban, transports, etc.) - sub-systems of
  evidence and systematic inventories of the land,
  by economic and technical point of view.

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The Objects of Cadastre

• Real property (area, use, destination, quality of
  land/building)
• Land owner (identified by official papers name,
  the legal situation concerning his position as
  landholder)
• Territorial-administrative location (position
  within the administrative limits by the use of
  cadastre maps and registers).

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Institutional Organization for Cadastre System
ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT

MINISTRY OF ADMINISTRATION AND INTERIOR
NOCGC
DOCGC 1
DOCGC 3
DOCGC BUC
DOCGC 2
IGFCC
Surveyors Licensed To Execute Cadastre Works
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Land Registry

• The Land Registry based on Cadastre recording
  system has as its object the registration in the
  Land Book of legal deeds and facts referring to
  the immovable properties located in the same
  settlement.
• It is managed by the Land Book Offices within
  the Local Courts for the immovable properties
  located in their territorial jurisdiction.

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Institutional organization of Land Registry

Romanian Government
MINISTRY OF JUSTICE
COURT OF APPEAL
COURT OF APPEAL
COURT OF APPEAL
TRIBUNAL
TRIBUNAL
COURT
COURT
COURT
COURT
LBO
LBO
LBO
LBO
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Cadastre and Land Registration Project (CLRP)

• Purpose Modernization of real property
  registration system in Romania
• Funding - 25.5 mil. US - World Bank Loan
• - 12,2 mil. US - Central Budgets
• Period 1998 - 2004

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The necessity for Cadastre and Land Registration
Information System

• Optimisation of real property registration system
  by achieving an effective and integrated data
  management and data exchange between the
  technical and legal components
• This necessity has been considered since 1991 by
  the Government in its National Information Policy
  (Governmental Decision 490/1991) CLRIS is one
  of the PLAIS (Priority and Large Area Information
  Systems) with an estimated cost/year of 1 of the
  Central Budgets Expenditures.

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Requirements for CLRIS

• Set up an integrated cadastre and land registry
  data management system
• Correct topological and structural data evidence
  Non-redundant operations
• Solution with open and modular architecture
• Standard interfaces with other information
  systems security of data.

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Cadastre Subsystem

• Stores and maintains basic cadastre maps in
  digital format
• Maintains the real property boundaries
• Process geo-referenced information
• Provides an evidence of history of transactions
  with the related property limits.

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Land Registry Subsystem

• Manages information related to real property
  (area, land use, location, neighbours, taxable
  value)
• Manages information related to real property
  rights (owners names, property deeds, changes,
  etc.)
• Manages information related to burdens related to
  real property rights (sequester, mortgage, etc.).

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Conceptual communications net
I N T E R N E T
U21
U11

• MINISTERUL

MINISTRY OF JUSTICE

• ONCGC

• ONCGC

U12

• ONCGC

U22

• JUSTITIEI

NOCGC
U1n
U2m

• BCF2

• BCF2

• BCF2

• BCF3

LBO2

• BCF3

• BCF3

LBO3

• BCF1

• BCF1

DOCGC

• BCF1

LBO1

• BCF4

• BCF4

• BCF5

• BCF5

• BCF4

LBO4

• BCF5

LBO5
Dedicated network
LAND REGISTRY DATA BASE
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
PROPERTY RIGHTS, BURDENS
SURVEYS (Geographic data)
CADASTRE DATA BASE
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Conceptual Datamodel for interfacing the Land
Registry
GEOREFERENCES
CADASTRALPOLYGONS
CADASTRAL ATTRIBUTES
LANDBOOK
METADATA
ARCHIVE
REGISTREDOWNERSHIPS
UNREGISTREDOWNERSHIPS
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The Index Map¹ Approach
¹ Concept developed under the Cadastre and Land
Registration Project
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Index Map features (vector).

• Cadastral identifiers.
• Definite property body boundaries (registered).
• Indefinite property body boundaries
  (unregistered).
• Administrative boundaries.
• Infrastructure (roads, waterways and railways).
• Geodetic points.
• Toponymy (cadastral numbers (CIDs), geodetic
  point identification and names of infrastructure
  features).

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Does the Index Map include all relevant Features?

• Parcel (land-use) boundaries.
• Visible in the orthophoto map background.
• Monitoring and registration of land-use changes.
• Is the land-use strictly a theme to be
  administered by the general cadastre?
• Constructions.
• Visible in the orthophoto map background.
• Monitoring and registration of constructional
  changes.
• Building attributes can be looked up via the
  index map.
• Building location details are available from the
  surveyors field plans.

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Vector layers orthophoto instead complex data
structures

Versus
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Data acquisition workflow
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Index Map Conclusion

• A step by step approach that allows property
  bodies with definite as well as indefinite
  status.
• Cost effective solution based on data that
  already exist.
• The index map will improve gradually as the
  sporadic and systematic registration processes
  proceed.

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Benefits of CLRIS

• Improves the data quality and consistency
• Avoids parallel recording and updating
• Minimises the staff and human errors
• Ensures the basis for a multi-purpose cadastre
• Provides sources of information for other
  information systems
• Improves the quality of products and of services
  to the public.

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Urban Cadastre - the specialised cadastre to
support the Local Authorities

• Provides methodological support to the Local
  Public Administrations (LPA) on urban cadastre
  procedures
• Provides support to the LPA for implementing
  local cadastre information systems and urban data
  banks
• Supports the establishment of the necessary
  topographical and cadastral database within the
  built-up area for the purpose of planning and
  local management
• Prepares and advocates together with the LPA the
  necessary funds for urban cadastre works.

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Estimates for converting the maps in digital form
for CLRIS¹

• 22 M - Scanning and vectorization of 60000 paper
  maps within 3 years
• 50 M - orto-photo-mapping for updating all the
  maps (at a unit cost of 200/SqKm)
• 10 M - Establishment of a Remote Sensing System
  and of a Remote Sensing Centre
• 4 M - Adopting the 125000 scale map as the
  official digital map of Romania and its
  conversion from Gauss to Stereo 70 System.

¹According to the MCTT - Urban Cadastre Strategy
- 2003
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Municipal information systems built on
geographical database (1)

• 1. Urban Cadastre Information System - provides
  management tools and inventories of land and
  buildings
• 2. Geo-technical Cadastre I.S. - provides
  supportive information on the soil and water
  level for issuing the building permits
• 3. Water Supply / Heating / Sewerage I.S. -
  provides support for maintenance and development
  of urban utilities .

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Municipal information systems built on
geographical database (2)
4. Urban and Regional Planning I.S. - provides
support for decision to Public Administration
officials in monitoring and planning local
life 5. Business Consulting I.S. - provides
supportive information to investors on business
opportunities 6. Patrimony Maintenance I.S. -
provides information on the land and buildings
belonging to Local Administration including their
status and history of repairing.
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Municipal information systems built on
geographical database (3)
7. Fiscal Zoning I.S. - provides information to
establish fiscal zones in relation with
revenues 8. Management of Building Permits I.S.
- provides supportive information to manage the
procedures in relation with urban plans 9. Civil
Protection I.S. - provides specific information
on the available resources for civil protection
together with tools and necessary procedures for
monitoring the risks at local or regional level.
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Municipal information systems built on
geographical database (4)
10. Maintenance of Transportation Networks I.S. -
provides information to monitor the traffic and
co-ordinate the maintenance and other activities
(including planning of funds and expenditures).
of roads network. 11. Monitoring of Leasing
Contracts I.S. - provides supportive information
to manage and monitor the licenses and leasing
contracts, levying taxes and the way the tenants
are obeying the clauses. 12. Information Desks
for Citizens., etc.
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Need for training on new approaches in land
administration

• The LPA staff should be trained on
• - the benefits of using the modern
  technologies to process geographical data
• - the approaches, standards, guidelines and
  best national and international practice.
• In this respect the Regional Training Centre
  Bucharest is a reliable and a suitable partner.

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• Thanks for your attention!

Virgil Pamfil e-mail virgil.pamfil_at_crfb.ro