Inequality in Jobs, Income and Education

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• Inequality in Jobs, Income and Education
• Brunswick, Pender and New Hanover Counties

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County PopulationData Source US Census Bureau
2000
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Percent Population by RaceData Source US
Census Bureau 2000
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Measuring Inequality
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Income Variables
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Distinction Between Income and Wealth

• Income is money received as wages, rents,
  interest

• Wealth consists of income and property (stocks,
  bonds, real estate)

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Per Capita Income Total Money Per Resident of
the Area Data Source US Census Bureau 2000
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Per Capita Income GapData Source US Census
Bureau 2000 Gap calculated by difference between
White and Black Per Capita Income and percentage
of Black Per Capita Income to White Per Capita
Income
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Mean Household Income Average Household
IncomeData Source US Census Bureau 2000
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Mean Household Income GapData Source US Census
Bureau 2000 Calculated as Difference Between
White and Black Mean Household Income and
Percentage of Black Income to White Income
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Poverty

• Poverty Line established in 1964 adjusted
  annually to account for inflation, but logic of
  measure is outdated
• Does not account for regional variation - same
  measure across US (except Hawaii and Alaska)
• Critics argue that official poverty line would be
  50 higher if current social and economic
  considerations were part of logic behind measure

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Poverty is defined as a standard of living that
falls below the basic, minimum requirements to
sustain an adequate diet, adequate housing and
adequate health.

• Poverty is the struggle to meet these basic
  requirements
• Poverty implies not only the lack of adequate
  income to meet these minimum requirements, but
  also the lack of assets that create wealth

Things are tough. Jobs are hard to come by. I
dont know how people make it."
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Certain categories of people are at greater risk
of being in poverty than others

• Children
• Non-whites
• Women Feminization of Poverty
• These categories are disproportionately
  represented in the category of officially poor
• Wealth and poverty are not equally distributed

Poverty means no home, no food."
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Percent of Population Below Poverty 2000Data
Source US Census Bureau 2000 Poverty Threshold
in 2000 17,050
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Percent of Children Below PovertyData Source
US Census Bureau 2000
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Who Are The Poor?

• In Brunswick County, Blacks and Latinos are 2
  times more likely to be poor than Whites.
• In New Hanover County, Blacks are 3 times more
  likely to be poor than Whites Latinos are twice
  as likely.
• In Pender County, Latinos are 3 times more likely
  to be poor than Whites Blacks are twice as
  likely.
• In all counties, non-white children more likely
  to be poor than white children.

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Percent Families in Poverty with Female
HouseholderData Source US Census Bureau 2000
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Annual Unemployment Rates by Race and CountyData
Source US Census Bureau 2000
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Annual Unemployment Rate 2000-2002Data Source
North Carolina Employment Security Commission
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Who are the Unemployed?

• In New Hanover County, Blacks 2 times more likely
  to be unemployed than whites
• In Brunswick County, Latinos are 2 times more
  likely to be unemployed than whites
• In Pender County, Blacks are 2 times more likely
  to be unemployed than whites and Latinos are 5
  times more likely to be unemployed than whites

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Current Monthly Unemployment RatesSource North
Carolina Employment Security Commission
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Measuring Wealth Home Ownership

• Housing is the largest component of a households
  net worth (44)
• Despite impressive gains in the last decade,
  Blacks continue to lag behind Whites in terms of
  home ownership
• More importantly, Blacks tend to own homes that
  generate less equity than White-owned homes

Poverty means you cant do basic goals like
taking care of your family and yourself
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Mean Value Owner Occupied Housing Unit by
RaceData Source US Census Bureau 2000 Summary
File 3
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Value Gap Difference between White Value and
Black Value
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Measuring Education Inequality
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Educational AttainmentData Source US Census
Bureau 2000
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Per Student ExpendituresData Source North
Carolina Department of Public Instruction 2001
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Students Passing End of Grade ExamsData Source
North Carolina Department of Public Instruction
2001-2002
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Difference Between White End of Grade Scores and
Black and Latino End of Grade Scores
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Average SAT Scores Data Source North Carolina
Department of Instruction 2002
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Score Card
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• Contact Information
• Dr. Leslie Hossfeld
• Department of Sociology
• UNC-Pembroke
• BA 223
• hossfeld_at_uncp.edu