Psychoanalytic Perspective

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Psychoanalytic Perspective
first comprehensive theory of personality
University of Vienna 1873
(1856-1939)
Specialized in Nervous Disorders Some patients
disorders had no physical cause!
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Psychoanalytic Perspective
Q What caused neurological symptoms in patients
with no neurological problems?
Unconscious
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The Subconscious
the mind is like an iceberg - mostly hidden
Conscious Awareness above surface
Repression banishing unacceptable thoughts
passions to subconscious Dreams Freudian
Slips
Preconscious
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Freud Personality Structure
Id - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic
drives Pleasure Principle
Ego - seeks to gratify Id in realistic
ways Reality Principle
Super Ego - voice of conscience focuses on how we
ought to behave
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Freud Personality Development
personality forms during first few years of
life, rooted in unresolved conflicts of early
childhood
Psychosexual Stages Oral (0-18 mos) - centered on
mouth pleasure Anal (18-36 mos) focus on
bowel/bladder control Phallic (3-6 yrs) - focus
on genitals (Identification Gender
Identity) Latency (6-puberty) - sexuality is
dormant Genital (puberty on) - sexual feelings
toward others
Strong conflict can fixate an individual at
Stages 1,2 or 3
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Defense Mechanisms
Super Ego
Id
When the inner war gets out of hand, the result
is Anxiety
Ego protects itself via Defense Mechanisms
Ego
Defense Mechanisms reduce/redirect anxiety by
distorting reality
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Defense Mechanisms reduce/redirect anxiety by
distorting reality

• Repression - banishes certain thoughts/feelings
  from consciousness (underlies all other defense
  mechanisms)
• Regression - retreats to earlier stage of
  development
• Reaction Formation - ego makes unacceptable
  impulses appear as their opposites
• Projection-attributes threatening impulses to
  others people
• Rationalization - generates self-justifying
  explanations to hide real reasons for our actions
• Displacement - diverts impulses toward more
  acceptable
• Sublimation - transforms unacceptable impulse
  into
• something socially valued

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Carl Jung-Analytical Psychology
3 Levels of Consciousness

• Ego conscious level carries out daily
  activities like Freuds Conscious
• Personal Unconsciousindividuals thoughts,
  memories, wishes, impulses like Freuds
  Preconscious Unconscious
• Collective Unconscious storehouse of memories
  inherited from common ancestors of whole human
  race no counterpart in Freuds theory Jungs
  crown

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The Collective Unconscious

• Contains archetypes, emotionally charged
  images and thought-forms that have universal
  meaning.
• Key archetype Mandala (magic circle), an
  image symbolizing unity of life.

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Jung Speaks on the Mandala

• I had to abandon the idea of the superhero.
  I had to abandon the idea of the superordinate
  position of the ego. ... I saw that everything,
  all paths I had been following, all steps I had
  taken, were leading back to a single point --
  namely, to the mid-point. It became increasingly
  plain to me that the mandala is the centre. It is
  the exponent of all paths. It is the path to the
  centre, to individuation. ... I knew that in
  finding the mandala as an expression of the self
  I had attained what was for me the ultimate.

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Additional Archetypes

• Persona your public personality, aspects of
  yourself that you reveal to others.
• Shadow prehistoric fear,represents animal side
  of human natureThe Dark Side
• Anima feminine archetype in men.
• Animus masculine archetype in women.
• Others God, Hero, Nurturing Mother,
  Wise Old Man, Wicked Witch, Devil, Powerful
  Father.

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Basic Personality Orientations

• Introversion focused inward person is
  cautious, shy, timid, reflective.
• Extroversion focused outward person is
  outgoing, sociable, assertive, energetic.

Carl Jung
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Mental Functions

• Thinking naming and interpreting experience.
• Feeling evaluating an experience for its
  emotional worth
• Sensing experiencing world through senses
  without interpreting or evaluating it.
• Intuiting relating directly to world without
  physical sensation, reasoning, or interpretation.

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The Concept of Self

• The self is the fully developed personality.
• It is attained by balancing and integrating all
  parts of the personality.
• Jung was forerunner of humanism with its
  emphasis on self-actualization.