Monday

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Monday

• www.ucalgary.ca/elsegal/TalmudMap/Mishnah.html

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Overview

• 70-700 CE

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Oral TorahRabbinic Judaism

• In wake of rebellions
• to
• Rise of Islam
• 70 ce to 700 ce.

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Centre moves

• Jerusalem destroyed
• Yavneh then Babylon.
• Jews live all over Mediterranean world and Middle
  East

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Christianity

• Begins as a Jewish sect around Jesus of Nazareth
  as Messiah or Christ
• by 2nd century bce, Nazarenes take Gospel to
  non-Jews
• Christianity becomes independent
• Lingering associations with Judaism.

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Political changes

• Palestine / Mediterranean
• 0- 4th century Rome Pagan
• 4th century Rome Christian
• 7-8th century South / East Islam

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Political Changes

• Mesopotamia / Babylonia
• to 3rd century Parthians
• 3rd to 7th centuries Sassanian
  (Persian) Zoroastrians
• 7-8th century Islam

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Islam

• Prophet Muhammad
• 570 to 632
• Saw himself as the final prophet of the same God
  worshipped by Jews and Christians.

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Rapid Arab expansion

• 7th century Arab Muslims capture considerable
  territory
• Many Jews now live under Islamic rule.

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Rabbinic Judaism

• Developed 150 bce to 700 ce
• TALMUD completed about the time of Muhammad.

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70 to 700

• Massive Political Change
• Massive Religious Change

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3 religions

• Islam 620-30s
• Christianity 1st century
• Rabbinic Judaism 1st century b

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Early development of R. Judaism

• TWO TORAHS
• Torah that is in Tanakh
• Oral Torah Rabbinic teachings.

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TANNAIMEarly Oral Torah teachers

• Tanna Singular
• Ca. 150 bce. to second century ce.
• Influenced by Pharisaic ideas.
• Bible and Mishnah

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After 70 c.e.

• New form of Judaism
• Without temple
• On Pharisee / Tannaim model
• Oral Torah collected to preserve teachings
• offer alternative to temple.

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Yohanan ben Zakkai

• Pharisaic teacher
• Made peace with Rome
• Gathered surviving Jewish scholars after 70 ce.

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Yavneh / JamniaNew Centre of Jewish learning.
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Tannaim

• Repeaters of Torah tradition.

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New ScholarsRabbis

• Preserve
• Old traditions
• Memories of temple
• Teachings of great scholars

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Ben Zakkai

• Yavneh is equal to Jerusalem.
• Temple rites now symbolized in new rites in
  Yavnah

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Scripture

• Increased accent on Scripture / Study
• Temple holiness transferred to individual.

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Synagogues

• Assume new role
• Surrogate Temple
• Shofar

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Yavneh Sanhedrin

• New Leadership
• Innovation and Tradition

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No alternative

• Old form of Judaism beyond recovery.
• No temple
• Diaspora life for almost all Jews.

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132-135 bceSecond rebellion

• Attempt to rebuild temple results in disastrous
  war.
• Simon Bar Kokhba Claims priesthood
• Messiah

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Oral Torah

• Basis of new Judaism alongside Tanakh
• Oral Torah is Written down

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TANNAIMRabbi AkibaJudah HaNasi

• Judah compiled the writings teachings of Akiba
  and others.

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MISHNAH

• First major text of the Oral Torah.
• 170-220 bce
• Judah HaNasi.

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Love / justice, not offerings

• Hosea 66
• Micah 66-8
• Psalm 5116-17

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Teachers, not priests

• Rabbi,
• by education and ordination, not birth
• Remembered as sages

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Diaspora

• Alexandria
• Babylon
• Contact with Sanhedrin.

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Midrash traditions attached to
BibleMishnah independent
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Mishnah RepetitionMemorized

• Major part of ORAL TORAH
• Written in land of Israel

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Mishnah

• Late 2nd Cent. early 3rd.
• 6 ORDERS
• 63 TRACTATES
• Chapters
• Sections Mishnah

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Mishnah

• REMEMBERS TEMPLE
• TORAH INTERPRETATION
• TEACHINGS OF SAGES

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Legitimization

• God ? Moses ? ? Sages ?
• Hillel Shammai ? J. b. Zakkai