Title: Phenology
1Phenology Budburst, Green-up and Green-down
2Objectives
- 1) Learn the definition of phenology.
- 2) Understand why it is important to study
phenology - 3) Overview when and how to take measurements
with the Budburst Protocol - 4) Overview when and how to take measurements
with the Green-Up/Green-Down Protocols
3What is Phenology?
- Phenology is the study of living
- organisms response to seasonal and
- climatic changes in their environment.
- Seasonal changes include variations in day
length or duration of sunlight, precipitation, or
temperature.
4Plant growing season generally the period
between green-up and green-down.
- Length of growing season can be dictated by
changes in temperature, precipitation, length of
day, etc
5Phenology
- Why is it important to take these measurements?
6With phenology data, you can study
- Changes in length of growing season over time
(indicator of climate change) - Agriculture
- Wild fire danger
- Animal migrations
7Budburst Ideal Site Criteria
- Native deciduous trees
- Choose dominant overstory species
- Can choose multiple species to do comparative
studies - Easily accessible
8Budburst observations
- Twice weekly, starting at least two weeks before
initial budburst observe selected tree(s) until
budburst can be seen on three locations on a tree
9Green-Up and Green-Down Ideal Site Selection
Criteria
- Native deciduous trees, shrubs or grasses
- Choose dominant overstory species Always think
What does the satellite see from above? - If over-story plants are evergreen conifers, use
under-story broadleaf trees or shrubs
10Green-Up and Green-Down Ideal Site Selection
Criteria
- Avoid sites near buildings or where watering or
fertilization is done - Easily accessible
- Try to use the same plants for green-up and
green-down
11Green-Up and Green-Down Ideal Site Selection
Criteria
- Choose a location close to the Atmosphere and
Soil Moisture Study Sites - Keep the horizontal distance less than 2
kilometers - Keep the elevation difference less than 100
meters - Site can be a tree or grasses
12When to take Green-up observations
- Twice weekly, starting at least two weeks before
initial budburst until leaf length stops
increasing.
13Green-up and Green-down Trees/Shrubs Branch and
Leaf Selection
- Choose branch
- facing equator
- Exposed to sunlight (not shaded)
- Determine Genus, species
- Mark branch for identification
- Locate bud at end of branch and 3 closest
- Photos N, S, E, W
14Green-up Trees/Shrubs
- Examine bud
- Determine category Dormant, Swelling, Budburst,
Lost - Measure leaf length (mm) not including petiole
- Continue until leaf stops increasing in length
15Green-up Grasses
- Identify and mark 1 m2 area to study
- Exposed to sunlight (not shaded)
- Determine Genus
- Look for new shoots, mark for identification
- Measure shoot length (mm)
- Until shoot stops increasing in length
16Green-up Grasses
- Marking of buds and shoots
- Trees/bushes
- Grasses
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17When to take Green-down observations
- Twice weekly, starting two weeks before initial
green-down until leaf color change is complete or
leaves fall off
18Green-down Trees/Shrubs
- Examine twice/week
- Use color guide to choose dominant color (if
multiple colors) until color change stops - Other possible observations -
- Snow covered
- Fallen (lost)
19Green-down Trees/Shrubs
- Locate and Mark 4 longest shoots within mark 1 m2
area - Examine twice/week
- Use color guide to choose dominant color (if
multiple colors) until color change stops - Other possible observations -
- Snow covered
- Fallen (lost)