Mountain View Community Hospital

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Mountain View Community Hospital

• Chapter 4 Presentation
• Anna Ditta
• Phil Pollard

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Introduction

• Mountain View Community Hospital consists of a
  number of different people that contribute to its
  success.
• Four main groups of people exist patients,
  physicians, employees, and volunteers.
• Each group has a unique attribute.
• A person might not belong to one of those groups.
• Employees are divided into three groups nurse,
  staff, and technician.
• Each employee must be a member of one of the
  three groups.

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MVCH Question 1

• Is the ability to model supertype/subtype
  relationships likely to be important in a
  hospital environment such as Mountain View
  Community Hospital? Why or why not?

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Question 1 Answer

• Yes, the ability to model supertype/subtype
  relationships is likely to be very important for
  a hospital. A modern hospital is a triumph of
  specialization. Many hospital entities are likely
  to have subtypes.
• Examples are on the next slide.

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Question 1 Answer cont.

• ITEM possible subtypes are Supply, Item, and
  Prescription Item
• PATIENT possible subtypes are Inpatient and
  Outpatient
• TEST possible subtypes are Scan and Blood test
• PROCEDURE possible subtypes are Biopsy and
  Surgical

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MVCH Question 2

• Can the business rules paradigm and the ability
  to easily define, implement, and maintain
  business rules be used as a competitive advantage
  in a hospital environment such as Mountain View
  Community Hospital? Why or why not?

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Question 2 Answer

• Yes, the business rules paradigm can be used for
  competitive advantage. Business rules allow a
  business to change its processes and procedures
  quickly in responding to environmental changes.
  Hospitals are under intense cost pressures and
  new government regulations. Process improvements
  and regulations, if implemented through clear
  business rules, will make it easier to react to
  changes.

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MVCH Question 3

• Do there appear to be any weak entities in the
  description of the data requirements in this
  project segment? If so, what are they?

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Question 3 Answer

• Yes, the entity VISIT (scheduled for outpatients)
  is clearly a weak entity.

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MVCH Question 4

• Can you think of any business rules (other than
  the one explicitly described in the case) that
  are likely to be used in a hospital environment?

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Question 4 Answer

• A hospital has many business rules. Two examples
  are as follows
• A patient cannot be admitted to the hospital
  without a referral from a responsible physician.
• b. A nurse can be reassigned to a different care
  center only by permission of the nurse in charge
  of the care center where the nurse is presently
  assigned.

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MVCH Question 5

• Would you recommend using a packaged data model
  to begin development on the Mountain View
  Community Hospital project? Why or why not?

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Question 5 Answer

• A packaged data model for MVCH would work out
  well, since hospital applications are quite
  common. Of course, there would still need to be
  customization. One justification to purchasing a
  packaged data model would be to look at the cost
  versus the cost savings from developing a
  database application completely from scratch.

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Project Exercises 1

• Draw an EER diagram to accurately represent this
  set of requirements carefully following the
  notation from this chapter.

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Exercise 1 Solution

• Please see handout 1.

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Project Exercise 2

• Develop definitions for each of the following
  types of objects in your EER diagram from Project
  Exercise 1. Consult with some member of the
  hospital or health care community if one is
  available otherwise make reasonable assumptions
  based on your own knowledge and experience.
• Entity types
• Attributes
• Relationships

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Exercise 2 Solution

• Entity types
• Physician a person who is licensed to practice
  medicine in this state.
• Patient a person who has been admitted to MVCH
  or who is currently being treated as an
  outpatient by the hospital.
• Employee a person who has an employment
  agreement with the hospital and who is on the
  hospital payroll.
• Care center an organizational unit that
  performs a related set of services directed
  toward patient care.

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Exercise 2 Solution cont.

• Attributes
• Person_ID a persons social security number.
• Birth_Date month, day, and year a person was
  born.
• Specialty a physicians area of practice.
• Location the floor number and hospital wing for
  a care center or laboratory.
• Relationships
• Assigned associates a resident patient with a
  hospital bed.
• Scheduled associates an outpatient with an
  instance of a visit to the hospital.

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Project Exercise 3

• You should recognize the statement a nurse
  cannot be appointed nurse_in_charge of a care
  center unless she or he has an RN certificate as
  a statement of a business rule. Answer the
  following questions
• What is the anchor object? Is it an entity, an
  attribute, a relationship, or some other object?
• What is the corresponding object (or objects, if
  more than one)? Is it an entity, an attribute, a
  relationship, or some other object?

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Exercise 3 Solution

• a. The anchor object is Nurse, and it is an
  entity.
• b. The corresponding object is RN Certificate,
  and it is an entity.

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Exercise 3 Solution cont.
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Project Exercise 4

• Compare the EER diagram that you developed in
  this chapter with the E-R diagram you developed
  in Chapter 3 in Project Exercise 2. What are the
  differences between these two diagrams? Why are
  there differences?

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Exercise 4 Solution

• View the two handouts (1 and 2) and compare
  them. The EER diagram provides a more detailed
  and complete statement of requirements for the
  hospital. For example, the EER diagram includes
  information about technicians as well as
  volunteers. Also, the EER diagram shows
  subtype/supertype relationships, but the E-R
  diagram only shows each subtype along with its
  attributes.

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Project Exercise 5

• Merge the two diagrams from Project Exercise 4
  and from Project Exercise 2 in Chapter 3 into a
  single diagram. Explain decisions you will make
  during the merging.

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Exercise 5 Solution

• View handout 3.
• Some issues that arise during merging
• Should there be a relationship between
  laboratory, patient, and physician for tests?
• Are items consumed by both resident patients as
  well as outpatients?
• What do you do about follow up for discharged
  patients?
• We kept the responsible relationship between
  patient and physician in place of the refers used
  in the ER model.

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Question 1 - Phil

• Give two examples of a subtype/supertype
  relationship from handout 1. List each subtype
  and supertype.

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Question 2 - Phil

• What is the disjoint rule? Identify an example of
  the disjoint rule in effect on handout 1.

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Question 3 Anna

• What is the difference between total
  specialization and partial specialization?  Give
  an example of each from the EER diagram in
  Exercise 5 (handout 3).

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Question 4 - Anna

• Define the overlap rule and give examples from
  the EER diagram in Exercise 5 (handout 3).

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Conclusion

• Are there any questions?