American History TAKS Review

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American History TAKS Review
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Important Dates

• 1607 Founding of Jamestown
• July 4, 1776 Signing of the Declaration of
  Independence
• 1787 Writing of the Constitution
• 1803 Louisiana Purchase
• 1861 1865 Civil War

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Important Early Documents

• Magna Carta limited the power of the King
  could not be put in prison without a jury trial
• English Bill of Rights guaranteed basic rights
  to all Englishmen king couldnt cancel laws
  without approval of Parliament
• Mayflower Compact Pilgrims agreed to follow
  majority rule 1620
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut first written
  constitution in the U.S.

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Key Names and Terms

• Quakers people who believed all people should
  live in peace and harmony
• Patriots American colonists who WANTED
  independence from Great Britain
• Loyalists American colonists who DID NOT WANT
  independence from Great Britain
• Protective tariff a tax on imported goods
  good for American manufacturers upset
  Southerners
• Interchangeable parts identical parts made
  manufacturing more efficient (faster and cheaper)
• Nullification the theory that a state could
  nullify or reject a federal law if it considered
  the law to be unconstitutional
• Suffrage the right to vote
• Secede to withdraw from the United States

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13 Original Colonies

• New Hampshire
• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut

• Economy based on fishing, shipbuilding, and
  trade
• Subsistence farming

• Breadbasket colonies

• New York
• Pennsylvania
• New Jersey
• Delaware

• Plantation Economy
• Cash crops Tobacco, indigo, and rice

• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia

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Causes of the Revolution

• Proclamation of 1763 colonists couldnt settle
  west of the Appalachian Mountains
• taxation without representation
• Quartering of troops

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Declaration of Independence

• Written by Thomas Jefferson
• Signed on July 4, 1776
• Unalienable rights cannot be taken away
• Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
• Listed grievances against King George III
• He has
• Taxation without representation
• Quartering of troops

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American Revolution

• Lexington and Concord first battles shot
  heard round the world
• Saratoga turning point French decided to help
  the Americans
• Yorktown last battle Lord Cornwallis
  surrendered
• Treaty of Paris of 1783 ended the Revolution

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Important People

• George Washington Commander of Continental Army
• Samuel Adams leader of the Sons of Liberty
• Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense important
  pamphlet that convinced Americans to declare
  independence
• King George III King of England
• Patrick Henry give me liberty or give me
  death

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New Government

• Articles of Confederation
• First plan for government
• National government too weak
• Couldnt tax or borrow money
• No president no executive branch
• U.S. Constitution
• Written in 1787 to replace Articles of
  Confederation

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Constitutional Convention

• Virginia Plan favored large states
• New Jersey Plan favored small states
• Great Compromise combined both plans called
  for a TWO HOUSE legislative branch
• House of Representatives chosen based on
  POPULATION
• Senate Each state has 2 Senators
• Three-fifths Compromise 3 out of 5 slaves
  counted as population
• Federalists wanted to ratify the Constitution
• Anti-federalists would not ratify the
  Constitution without a Bill of Rights

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7 Principles of Government

• Federalism power is SHARED between the state
  and national governments
• Limited government power of the government is
  limited by the Constitution no one is above the
  law
• Individual rights our rights and freedoms are
  protected by the Bill of Rights
• Popular sovereignty the PEOPLE have the power

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7 Principles of Government

• Republicanism people exercise their power by
  VOTING for their leaders
• Checks and balances each branch has the power
  to stop something another branch does
• Separation of powers the government is
  separated into three branches
• Legislative makes the laws
• Executive carries out the laws
• Judicial interprets the laws decides whether
  they are constitutional

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First 11 U.S. Presidents

• George Washington
• John Adams
• Thomas Jefferson
• James Madison
• James Monroe
• John Quincy Adams
• Andrew Jackson
• Martin Van Buren
• William Henry Harrison
• John Tyler
• James Polk

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Take a minute to review this map to remember how
the U.S. grew!
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Reform Movements

• Abolition movement to end slavery
• Frederick Douglass
• William Lloyd Garrison
• Sojourner Truth
• Harriett Beecher Stowe Uncle Toms Cabin
• Women's Rights equal rights for women
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Seneca Falls Convention
• Temperance movement to stop excessive drinking
  of alcohol
• Education reform
• Horace Mann education is the great equalizer

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Important Supreme Court Decisions

• Marbury v. Madison
• Established JUDICIAL REVIEW the power of the
  Supreme Court to decide whether a law is
  constitutional or unconstitutional
• Dred Scott v. Sandford
• Slaves were not citizens
• Slaves were property
• Congress couldnt regulate slavery in territories

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Civil War

• NORTH United States of America (USA) vs. SOUTH
  Confederate States of America (CSA)
• 1861 - 1865
• Presidents
• Abraham Lincoln USA
• Jefferson Davis CSA
• Generals
• Ulysses S. Grant USA
• Robert E. Lee CSA

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Civil War

• Battles
• Firing on Fort Sumter first battle
• Battle of Gettysburg turning point North
  began to win
• Surrender at Appomattox Court House South lost

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Important Amendments

• 1st Amendment
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of religion
• Freedom of the press
• Right to peaceful assembly
• Right to petition the government
• 13th Amendment outlawed slavery
• 14th Amendment everyone born in the U.S. is a
  citizen everyone entitled to equal protection
  under the law
• 15th Amendment cannot be denied the right to
  vote because of race
• (Freed Citizens
  Vote)

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REMEMBER

• Use the test to help you take the test
• Pictures, graphs, charts, maps, etc. - all may
  contain information that will help you answer
  other questions found within the test
• Watch those dates!
• Write down the little memory clues we have worked
  on in class on a blank page in the testing
  area.
• Just in case love comes
• President initials
• FLIPRCS
• Freed Citizens Vote

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Good luck!