Energy in the Earth System

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Energy in the Earth System

• By Miss Holl
• Rowland High School
• February 5, 2007

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We have learned

• Matter on Earth moves among reservoirs, which
  exist in each of the four components of the Earth
  System.

Biogeochemical cycles...
describe this movement of matter.
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S.O.C.A.

• On page 156 of your I.A.N., write the following
• TITLE OBSERVATIONAL NARRATIVE RADIOMETER
• Timed writing In as many words as you can write
  in 5 minutes, describe the instrument in front of
  you.
• THESE ARE VERY DELICATE INSTRUMENTS. HANDLE WITH
  CARE!!!

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We have learned

• about the cycling of MATTER.
• about the cycling of ENERGY.
• To think about now
• How are matter energy related?
• How is energy stored and released in the Earth
  System?
• Why is understanding energy important for
  understanding how the Earth System works?

Now we will learn
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How are matter energy related?

• Emc2
• E means ENERGY.
• m means MATTER (really it means mass).
• means CONVERTS INTO.
• Energy can be converted into matter.
• Example Photosynthesis CONVERTS solar energy
  INTO food (matter) for plants.
• Matter can be converted into energy.
• Example Your digestive system CONVERTS food
  (matter) INTO energy for your body.

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What is energy?

• Energy is the capacity for doing work.
• What are two forms of energy you may have already
  learned about?
• Kinetic energy
• List gasses, solids and liquids in order from
  LOWEST to HIGHEST kinetic molecular energy.
• Potential energy
• There are many other types of energy, including
• 3. Thermal (or HEAT) energy

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What is heat energy?

• Another name for heat energy is thermal energy.
• Heat or thermal energy is energy in transfer
  between objects because of a difference in
  temperature between the two objects.
• Heat energy is always transferred from a warmer
  object to a colder object.

WARM
COLD
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Draw an arrow in the direction of heat transfer

• WARM OCEAN WATER COLD AIR MASS
• ROOM TEMP. GLASS HOT TEA
• ROOM TEMP. GLASS ICE TEA
• COLD AIR MASS WARM AIR MASS

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What is temperature?

• Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic
  energy of the individual atoms or molecules
  composing a substance.
• Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
• Zero degrees Kelvin (0 K) is Absolute Zero or
  the temperature at which ALL molecular motion
  STOPS.
• Anything with MOVING atoms or molecules (T gt Zero
  K) has energy.
• http//surendranath.tripod.com/Applets/Heat/MolMot
  ion/MolMotionApplet.html

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Circle the substance with higher internal kinetic
energy

• Ice at 0 ºC Water at 18 ºC
• Liquid broth at 22 ºC Metal spoon at 22 ºC
• Air at 28 ºC Ocean water at 28 ºC
• Cloud top at 2 ºC Glacier ice at 2 ºC

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Heat vs. Temperature

• In the English language, heat is (mis)used to
  mean something with high temperature. In
  actuality, science says heat is the transfer of
  energy. Temperature, on the other hand, is a
  measure of the average kinetic energy of an
  object.
• Be careful not the get heat and temperature
  confused. They are not the same thing!!!
• Make a thinking map to compare and contrast heat
  and temperature.

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Where does thermal energy come from?

• THE SUN.
• Exceeds all other sources of energy available at
  Earths surface.
• Earths interior.
• Primitive heat - Thermal energy left over from
  the formation of the Earth.
• Radiaoctive decay - Elements in lithosphere
  continually decaying and giving off energy.

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Where does thermal energy come from?

• Thermal energy in your body
• The Sun
• Earths Interior
• Thermal energy in your car
• The Sun
• Earths Interior
• Geothermal energy (Like Yellowstone!)
• The Sun
• Earths Interior

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How does thermal energy move?

• Thermal (Heat) Energy in the Earth System is
  transferred (moves) in one of three ways
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation

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How does thermal energy move?

• Match the type of type of thermal energy transfer
  with its Earth System function
• Ocean water warming an air mass above it.
• Sunlight warming the atmosphere.
• Warm air mass rising to form storm clouds.

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How does thermal energy move?

• Which term describes the rising of heated air at
  the equator and the sinking of cooled air at
  midlatitudes (30 ºN)?
• Radiation
• Convection
• conduction

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Why does thermal energy move?

• TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES!

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• Apply the Idea - Hurricane Floyd 1999

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Investigation (aka Homework!)

• Read Chapter 22, Section 1
• Complete the Energy Throughout the Earth System
  worksheet