MOBILITY AND YOUNG RESEARCHERS: WARUM

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MOBILITY AND YOUNG RESEARCHERS WARUM?
JOÃO CARAÇA Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
Early Stage Researcher Mobility in Europe
Conference Lisboa, 25-27 February 2004
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Democritus (...) is the last of the Greek
philosophers to be free from a certain fault
which vitiated all later ancient and medieval
thought. (...) From this point onwards, there are
first certain seeds of decay, in spite of
previously unmatched achievement, and then a
gradual decadence. What is amiss, even in the
best philosophy after Democritus, is an undue
emphasis on man as compared with the universe.
First comes scepticism, with the Sophists,
leading to a study of how we know rather than to
the attempt to acquire fresh knowledge. Then
comes, with Socrates, the emphasis on ethics
with Plato, the rejection of the world of senses
in favour of the self-created world of pure
thought with Aristotle, the belief in purpose as
the fundamental concept in science. (...) After
their time, there was a decay of vigour, and a
gradual recrudescence of popular
superstition. Bertrand Russell A History of
Western Philosophy (1945).
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CHANGING RELATIONS BETWEEN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
THE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
THE FRAMEWORK OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY, THE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY HAS BEEN
PROFUNDLY CHANGED
GREAT TRANSFORMATIONS ARE OCURRING

• intensification of the interactions between ST
  a new process of
• 
  
  technological creation
• 
  (S T)

• increased role of technology in society
  new skills, new learning
  
  

• mutation in work and employment
  substitution by machines

• globalization of the economy
  enlargement of operations of
• 
  enterprises across national borders

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FOUNDATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF MODERNITY
EFECTIVENESS OF ORDER

• the nation-state

• free enterprise

coincidence of citizens and territory, basis
of sovereignty

• private property rights

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FOUNDATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF GLOBALIZATION
EFECTIVENESS OF ORDER

• competition

• market forces (WTO?)

mobility of people, capital, goods and
services, basis of performance

• IPRs

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but mobility of people is an instrument

• possible objectives of increased mobility

better training
enlarged collaborations
enhanced transfer of knowledge
further excellence across regions
optimal use of infrastructures
more efficient funding
an improved system
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What are we aiming at in Europe ?
not a European Research System but a European
Research Area
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What are we worried at in Europe ?
not the shifting patterns of change across
the world but at the declining interest in
science studies in Europe
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THE ROLE OF EDUCATION
sustainability needs democracy the
expression of

collective will
democracy needs science the
role of error in
innovation
science needs full citizenship
to reinvent the

emancipatory power

of knowledge
citizenship needs renewed education
building culture

through learning
mass education must not favour new social
stratifications!!
A planetary society needs sustainability not
only cognition but recognition of the value of
diversity and identity
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