Module 10/11 Stream Surveys - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Module 10/11 Stream Surveys

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Width of riparian buffer zone. Developed by: Richards, Reed, Ruzycki Updated: February 2004 ... Riparian Characteristics. Width of riparian zone. Buffer strip ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Module 10/11 Stream Surveys


1
Module 10/11Stream Surveys
  • Stream Surveys February 2004Part 5 Watershed
    Assessment

2
Objectives
  • Students will be able to
  • list characteristics used to describe
    floodplains.
  • categorize channel types and patterns of streams.
  • calculate the slope of a stream.
  • compare bankfull width and wetted width of
    streams.
  • list indicators of bankfull discharge.
  • categorize stream bank shapes.

3
Stream assessments
  • Water quality
  • Habitat
  • Hydrologic
  • Biological
  • Watershed

4
Watershed assessments
5
Watershed Assessment
  • Land use
  • Current and historical pollution sources
  • Identify water uses, users, diversions, and
    stream obstructions

6
Floodplain Characteristics
  • Land use
  • Width
  • Active, inactive (incised), inactive (incised),
    anthropogenic (fill)
  • Width of riparian buffer zone

7
Stream morphology
  • Channel type
  • Channel pattern
  • Substrate
  • Slope
  • Sinuosity
  • Bankfull discharge
  • Riparian characteristics

8
Channel type
  • Bedrock
  • Colluvial
  • Alluvial
  • A. Cascade
  • B. Step-pool
  • C. Plane-bed
  • D. Pool riffle
  • E. Dune ripple

9
Channel Pattern
  • Straight
  • Sinuous (image not shown)
  • Braided
  • Meandering

10
Slope
  • Major determinant of river and stream form,
    structure, and performance.
  • Determined by measuring the rise of the stream
    water surface over a distance greater than 20
    times the stream's width.

11
Sinuosity
  • The ratio of stream length to valley length
  • A straight stream has a sinuosity of 1
  • Slide to be completed by 3/31/04

12
Bankfull Discharge
  • The stream discharge that fills the stream to the
    top of its banks before spilling onto the
    floodplain.

13
Bankfull Discharge
  • Indicators (from Harrelson, 1994)
  • height of depositional features (bars) indicate
    lowest possible level
  • change in vegetation (lower limit of perennial
    species)
  • slope changes along bank
  • change in particle size along bank
  • undercuts on bank
  • stain lines

14
Bankfull Discharge
15
Riparian Characteristics
  • Width of riparian zone
  • Buffer strip
  • Type of vegetation
  • Trees, bushes, and tall grass
  • Lawns
  • Bare soil and pavement

16
Canopy cover
  • Visual estimate
  • Densiometer

17
Stream bank shape
18
Stream surveys - references
  • Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations
    Reports
  • http//water.usgs.gov/pubs/twri/
  • National Field Manual for the Collection of
    Water-Quality Data
  • http//water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/
  • Rapid bioassessment protocols for wadeable
    streams
  • http//www.epa.gov/owow/monitoring/rbp/
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