CH 18 Classification

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CH 18 Classification
Taxonomy- discipline of classifying organisms and
assigning each organism a universally accepted
name
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18-1 Finding Order in Diversity

• Why do we classify?
• Help to study the diversity of life
• Groups organisms in a logical manner
• Organisms in the same group will be more like
  each other

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Assigning Scientific Names

• We use scientific names to eliminate confusion
  (one name biologists can use everywhere)
• Scientific Name
• Armadillidium vulgare

Many different names for Armadillidium vulgare
Rolly Polly, Sow Bug, Pill Bug, Potato Bug,
Tumble Bug

• Scientific names are based on Latin and Greek,
  common
• languages of science in the 18th Century.

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Naming Organisms

• Binomial Nomenclature
• Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
• Each species assigned a 2 part scientific name
• Genus species (italics with the genus
  capitalized)
• Armadillidium vulgare

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Carolus Linnaeus
Genus
Species
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What is the genus and species of each of these
animals

• Common name  Scientific name 
• 1. Domestic dog  Canis familiaris 
• 2. Puma  Puma concolor 
• 3. Jaguar  Panthera onca 
• 4. Lion  Panthera leo 
• 5. Leopard  Panthera pardus

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Lynnaeus System of Classification
Largest (top) to smallest (bottom) King Phil Came
Over For Good Spaghetti
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Modern Evolutionary Classification18-2

• Traditional classification- classification based
  on similar structures (Linnaeuss system)
• Evolutionary classification- method of grouping
  organisms together according to their
  evolutionary history (Today's system)
• Biologists now group organisms into categories
  that represent lines of evolutionary descent, not
  just physical similarities.

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Cladistic Analysis for Evolutionary Classificaiton

• Cladistic analysis identifies and considers only
  those characteristics of organisms that are
  evolutionary innovations.
• Derived Characteristics- characteristic that
  appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in
  its older members
• Cladogram- diagram that shows the evolutionary
  relationships among a group of organisms

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Other Ways to Help Determine Evolutionary time
for Classification

• Similarities in DNA and RNA
• Similar DNA molecules help determine
  classification
• How close species are related

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Other Ways to Help Determine Evolutionary time
for Classification

• Molecular Clocks
• Molecular clock- uses DNA comparisons to estimate
  length of time two species have been evolving
  independently

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18-3 Kingdoms and Domains
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18-3 Kingdoms and Domains

• Today we use a 3 domain and 6 kingdom system of
  classification.

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Domain Bacteria
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Domain Archaea
Methanogen
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Domain Eukarya

• Domain Eukarya has all the eukaryotes
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Anamalia

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Kingdom Protista
Paramecium
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Kingdom Fungi
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Kingdom Plantae
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Kingdom Animalia