Pengantar Organisasi Komputer

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IKI10230Pengantar Organisasi KomputerKuliah no.
05.a Data Transfer Instructions
Sumber1. Paul Carter, PC Assembly Language2.
Hamacher. Computer Organization, ed-53. Materi
kuliah CS61C/2000 CS152/1997, UCB4. Intel
Architecture Software Developers Manual
17 Maret 2004 L. Yohanes Stefanus
(yohanes_at_cs.ui.ac.id)Bobby Nazief
(nazief_at_cs.ui.ac.id) bahan kuliah
http//www.cs.ui.ac.id/kuliah/POK/
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• KONVENSI

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Set Instruksi Intel x86

• OP-CODE DEST,SRC DEST ? SRC OP DEST
• Hanya salah satu dari SRC atau DEST dapat berupa
  memory-operand
• ACC representasi untuk AL/AX/EAX
• Sebagian instruksi menyebabkan perubahan nilai
  FLAGS, khususnya instruksi-instruksi Aritmatika
  Logika

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• DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS

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Data Transfer Instructions

• General-purpose data movement
• Move
• Conditional Move
• Exchange
• Stack manipulation
• Type-conversion

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Data Transfer Instructions Summary (1/2)

• MOV Move
• CMOVE/CMOVZ Conditional move if equal/Conditional
  move if zero
• CMOVNE/CMOVNZ Conditional move if not
  equal/Conditional move if not zero
• CMOVA/CMOVNBE Conditional move if
  above/Conditional move if not below or equal
• CMOVAE/CMOVNB Conditional move if above or
  equal/Conditional move if not below
• CMOVB/CMOVNAE Conditional move if
  below/Conditional move if not above or equal
• CMOVBE/CMOVNA Conditional move if below or
  equal/Conditional move if not above
• CMOVG/CMOVNLE Conditional move if
  greater/Conditional move if not less or equal
• CMOVGE/CMOVNL Conditional move if greater or
  equal/Conditional move if not less
• CMOVL/CMOVNGE Conditional move if
  less/Conditional move if not greater or equal
• CMOVLE/CMOVNG Conditional move if less or
  equal/Conditional move if not greater
• CMOVC Conditional move if carry
• CMOVNC Conditional move if not carry
• CMOVO Conditional move if overflow
• CMOVNO Conditional move if not overflow
• CMOVS Conditional move if sign (negative)
• CMOVNS Conditional move if not sign
  (non-negative)
• CMOVP/CMOVPE Conditional move if
  parity/Conditional move if parity even

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Data Transfer Instructions Summary (2/2)

• XCHG Exchange
• BSWAP Byte swap
• XADD Exchange and add
• CMPXCHG Compare and exchange
• CMPXCHG8B Compare and exchange 8 bytes
• PUSH Push onto stack
• POP Pop off of stack
• PUSHA/PUSHAD Push general-purpose registers onto
  stack
• POPA/POPAD Pop general-purpose registers from
  stack
• CWD/CDQ Convert word to doubleword/Convert
  doubleword to quadword
• CBW/CWDE Convert byte to word/Convert word to
  doubleword in EAX register
• MOVSX Move and sign extend
• MOVZX Move and zero extend

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Data Transfer Instructions Move

• MOV DEST,SRC DEST ? SRC
• cannot be used to load the CS register
• cannot be used to do memory-to-memory transfer

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Format Instruksi MOV (1/2)

• REG/MEM ? REG
• MOV r/m8,r8 Move r8 to r/m8
• MOV r/m16,r16 Move r16 to r/m16
• MOV r/m32,r32 Move r32 to r/m32
• REG ? REG/MEM
• MOV r8,r/m8 Move r/m8 to r8
• MOV r16,r/m16 Move r/m16 to r16
• MOV r32,r/m32 Move r/m32 to r32
• REG/MEM ? SEG-REG
• MOV r/m16,Sreg Move segment register to r/m16
• SEG-REG ? REG/MEM
• MOV Sreg,r/m16 Move r/m16 to segment register

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Format Instruksi MOV (2/2)

• AL/AX/EAX ? MEM
• MOV AL,moffs8 Move byte at (segoffset) to AL
• MOV AX,moffs16 Move word at (segoffset) to AX
• MOV EAX,moffs32 Move doubleword at (segoffset)
  to EAX
• MEM ? AL/AX/EAX
• MOV moffs8,AL Move AL to (segoffset)
• MOV moffs16,AX Move AX to (segoffset)
• MOV moffs32,EAX Move EAX to (segoffset)
• REG ? IMM
• MOV r8,imm8 Move imm8 to r8
• MOV r16,imm16 Move imm16 to r16
• MOV r32,imm32 Move imm32 to r32
• REG/MEM ? IMM
• MOV r/m8,imm8 Move imm8 to r/m8
• MOV r/m16,imm16 Move imm16 to r/m16
• MOV r/m32,imm32 Move imm32 to r/m32

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Data Transfer Instructions Conditional Move
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Format Instruksi CMOVcc

• CMOVA r16, r/m16 Move if above (CF0 and ZF0)
• CMOVA r32, r/m32 Move if above (CF0 and ZF0)
• CMOVAE r16, r/m16 Move if above or equal (CF0)
• CMOVAE r32, r/m32 Move if above or equal (CF0)
• CMOVB r16, r/m16 Move if below (CF1)
• CMOVB r32, r/m32 Move if below (CF1)
• CMOVBE r16, r/m16 Move if below or equal (CF1
  or ZF1)
• CMOVBE r32, r/m32 Move if below or equal (CF1
  or ZF1)
• CMOVC r16, r/m16 Move if carry (CF1)
• CMOVC r32, r/m32 Move if carry (CF1)
• CMOVE r16, r/m16 Move if equal (ZF1)
• CMOVE r32, r/m32 Move if equal (ZF1)

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Data Transfer Instructions Exchange

• XCHG DEST,SRC Exchange
• DEST ? SRC
• BSWAP R32 Byte swap
• R327..0 ? R3231..24
• R3215..8 ? R3223..16
• XADD DEST,SRC Exchange and add
• TEMP ? SRC DEST
• SRC ? DEST
• DEST ? TEMP
• CMPXCHG DEST,SRC Compare and exchange
• / accumulator AL, AX, or EAX, depending on
  whether /
• IF (accumulator DEST) ZF ? 1 DEST ?
  SRC
• ELSE ZF ? 0 accumulator ? DEST
• CMPXCHG8B DATA Compare exchange 8 bytes
• IF (EDXEAX DEST) ZF ? 1 DEST ?
  ECXEBX
• ELSE ZF ? 0 EDXEAX ? DEST

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Format Instruksi XCHG

• XCHG AX,r16 Exchange r16 with AX
• XCHG r16,AX Exchange AX with r16
• XCHG EAX, r32 Exchange r32 with EAX
• XCHG r32, EAX Exchange EAX with r32
• XCHG r/m8, r8 Exchange r8 with byte from r/m8
• XCHG r8, r/m8 Exchange byte from r/m8 with r8
• XCHG r/m16, r16 Exchange r16 with word from
  r/m16
• XCHG r16, r/m16 Exchange word from r/m16 with
  r16
• XCHG r/m32, r32 Exchange r32 with doubleword
  from r/m32
• XCHG r32, r/m32 Exchange doubleword from r/m32
  with r32

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Format Instruksi BSWAP XADD

• BSWAP r32 Reverses the byte order of a 32-bit
  register.
• XADD r/m8, r8 Exchange r8 and r/m8 load sum
  into r/m8.
• XADD r/m16, r16 Exchange r16 and r/m16 load sum
  into r/m16.
• XADD r/m32, r32 Exchange r32 and r/m32 load sum
  into r/m32.

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Format Instruksi CMPXCHG CMPXCHG8B

• CMPXCHG r/m8,r8 Compare AL with r/m8. If
  equal, ZF is set and r8 is loaded
  into r/m8. Else, clear ZF and load
  r/m8 into AL.
• CMPXCHG r/m16,r16 Compare AX with r/m16. If
  equal, ZF is set and r16 is loaded
  into r/m16. Else, clear ZF and load r/m16
  into AX
• CMPXCHG r/m32,r32 Compare EAX with r/m32.
  If equal, ZF is set and r32 is
  loaded into r/m32. Else, clear ZF
  and load r/m32 into EAX
• CMPXCHG8B m64 Compare EDXEAX with m64.
  If equal, set ZF and load ECXEBX into
  m64. Else, clear ZF and load m64 into EDXEAX.

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Data Transfer Instructions Stack Manipulation

• PUSH SRC Push onto stack GP-regs,
  SEG-regs, MEM, Immd.
• ESP ? ESP 4/2
• ESP ? SRC

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Format Instruksi PUSH

• PUSH r/m16 Push r/m16
• PUSH WORD DATA
• PUSH r/m32 Push r/m32
• PUSH DWORD DATA
• PUSH r16 Push r16
• PUSH r32 Push r32
• PUSH imm8 Push imm8
• PUSH imm16 Push imm16
• PUSH imm32 Push imm32
• PUSH CS Push CS
• PUSH SS Push SS
• PUSH DS Push DS
• PUSH ES Push ES
• PUSH FS Push FS
• PUSH GS Push GS

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Data Transfer Instructions Stack Manipulation

• POP DEST Pop off of stack GP-regs,
  SEG-regs (-CS), MEM
• DEST ? ESP
• ESP ? ESP 4/2

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Format Instruksi POP

• POP r/m16 Pop top of stack into m16 increment
  stack pointer
• POP WORD DATA
• POP r/m32 Pop top of stack into m32 increment
  stack pointer
• POP DWORD DATA
• POP r16 Pop top of stack into r16 increment
  stack pointer
• POP r32 Pop top of stack into r32 increment
  stack pointer
• POP DS Pop top of stack into DS increment stack
  pointer
• POP ES Pop top of stack into ES increment stack
  pointer
• POP SS Pop top of stack into SS increment stack
  pointer
• POP FS Pop top of stack into FS increment stack
  pointer
• POP GS Pop top of stack into GS increment stack
  pointer

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Data Transfer Instructions Stack Manipulation

• PUSHA/PUSHAD Push (16-/32-bit) GP-regs onto
  stack
• POPA/POPAD Pop (16-/32-bit) GP-regs from stack

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Data Transfer Instructions Type Conversion

• CBW Convert byte to word
• AX ? SignExtendAL
• CWD Convert word to doubleword
• DXAX ? SignExtendAX
• CWDE Convert word to doubleword
• EAX ? SignExtendAX
• CDQ Convert doubleword to quadword
• EDXEAX ? SignExtendEAX
• MOVSX DEST,SRC Move and sign extend
• DEST ? SignExtendSRC
• MOVZX DEST,SRC Move and zero extend
• DEST ? ZeroExtendSRC

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Format Instruksi MOVSX MOVZX

• MOVSX r16,r/m8 Move byte to word with
  sign-extension
• MOVSX r32,r/m8 Move byte to doubleword,
  sign-extension
• MOVSX r32,r/m16 Move word to doubleword,
  sign-extension
• MOVZX r16,r/m8 Move byte to word with
  zero-extension
• MOVZX r32,r/m8 Move byte to doubleword,
  zero-extension
• MOVZX r32,r/m16 Move word to doubleword,
  zero-extension

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first.asm (1/3)

• include "asm_io.inc"
• segment .data
• These labels refer to strings used for output
• prompt1 db "Enter a number ", 0 don't
  forget nul terminator
• prompt2 db "Enter another number ", 0
• outmsg1 db "You entered ", 0
• outmsg2 db " and ", 0
• outmsg3 db ", the sum of these is ", 0
• segment .bss
• These labels refer to double words used to
  store the inputs
• input1 resd 100
• input2 resd 1

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first.asm (2/3)

• segment .text
• global _asm_main
• _asm_main
• enter 0,0 setup routine
• pusha
• mov eax, prompt1 print out
  prompt
• call print_string
• call read_int read
  integer
• mov input1, eax store into
  input1
• mov eax, prompt2 print out
  prompt
• call print_string
• call read_int read
  integer
• mov input2, eax store into
  input2
• ...

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first.asm (3/3)

• mov eax, input1 eax dword at
  input1
• add eax, input2 eax dword at
  input2
• mov ebx, eax ebx eax
• mov eax, outmsg1
• call print_string print out
  first message
• mov eax, input1
• call print_int print out
  input1
• mov eax, outmsg2
• call print_string print out
  second message
• mov eax, input2
• call print_int print out
  input2
• mov eax, outmsg3
• call print_string print out
  third message
• mov eax, ebx
• call print_int print out
  sum (ebx)
• call print_nl print
  new-line
• popa
• mov eax, 0 return back to C

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• first.exe