Lysbilde 1

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   Sámi University College is an indigenous
institution that preserves and promotes Sámi
language, culture and community life. Oral
tradition, a nature-based understanding of the
world and tradition-based customs are
prerequisites for our intellectual heritage the
spiritual foundation of our existence. Scientific
and tradition-based knowledge, hand in hand, for
the best of future generations.
IPY 2007/2008 EALÁT (RENNET)
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Svein D. Mathiesen phd. Professor II Sámi
University College, Kautokeino Scientific advisor
Reindeer Herders International Centre,
Kautokeino and for General Secretary of
WRH. Professor in Zoophysiologi Norwegian School
of Veterinary Science,Tromsø Main focus
Adapation to change in reindeer and
reindeerherding related to pasture
utilization. Projectleader of EALÁT together
with professor Ole Henrik Magga.
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Climatic change, vulnerability and nomadic
reindeer herding, focus on traditional
knowledge and adaptation to change
Sustainable reindeer husbandry
Reindeer herding practices, ancient in origin,
represent models in the sustainable exploitation
and management of northern terrestrial ecosystems
that is based on generations of experience
accumulated , conserved, developed and adapted
to the climatic and administrative systems of
the north. NEED TO BE DOCUMENTED NOW, BEFORE
ITS TO LATE!!!
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EALÁT A IPY initiative from Association of
World Reindeer Herders (WRH), in collaboration
with Saami University College, Reindeer Herders
International Centre and
Academy of Agriculture- Shakha-Jakutia, Arctic
centre, University of Lapland, American
Meteorological Association, Centre for Human
Rights - Universities of Oslo, Centre for Sámi
Studies - Unversity of Tromsø CICERO, Dept of
Arctic Biology, University of Tromsø, Harvard
University, Grid-Arendal, NASA, Nordic Sámi
Institute, Kautokeino, Norwegian Meteorological
Institute, Norwegian School of Veterinary
Medicine, Tromsø, NINA-Lillehammer, University
of Copenhagen, University of the Arctic,
University of Stearling, University of the
Arctic, University of Tromsø.
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IPY EALÁT A study of robustness
Reindeer herders have to prepare themselves,
their society and management authorities for
change, reduce their vulnerability to effects of
climatic change. Define risks related to rapid
change. An holistic, interdisciplinary and
intercultural study to assess the robustnes of a
coupled human-ecological systems of reindeer
herding in Eurasia. Integrate natural science,
social sciences and herders traditional
knowledge in coproduction of knowlegde.
3 time periods recent past, present and near
term future.
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Reindeer peoples of Eurasia
Goddi - boazu.
Nganasan
Dolgan
Kautokeino
Yukaghir
Enets
Saami
Chukchi
Nenets
Even
Koryak
Selkup
Komi
Evenk
Mansi
Khanti
Tofolar
Tuva
2.5 mill domestic reindeer, 70-100.000 herders
and 20 different arctic indigenous people work
with reindeer, 4 mill km 2 pasture area.
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Indigenous knowlegde Survival knowledge to
reduce the loss when climate condition are poor
the herd have to include individual animals with
spesicific functions. Castration is an important
tool to conserve energy.
CHAPPA EALLU A BEAUTIFUL AND FUNCTIONAL HERD
INCLUDES SPECIAL ANIMALS THAT CAN BREAK THROUGH
HARD SNOW.
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Sami reindeer herders vocabulary contains more
than 300 words for snow and understanding of
snow change. Physical structure, relation
between pastures and reindeer. Indentification
of energetical botlenecks for survival and
production
OPPAS
CIEGAR
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Adaptive herding responses to climatic
variability and changeherd structure (animal
diversity) moving in response to snow
conditions.
Photo Alexander
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Last day with snow in Tromsø 1960 2001
Saami Ii leat jahki jagi viellja One year is
not another years brother.
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Ealát adopt a novel methodological approach.

• We recognize that reindeer herders ability to
• adapt to change is based on traditional
• knowledge embodied in the their language, in the
• institutions of herding and in the action of
• individual herders.
• Ealát will contribute to building local
  competence
• through understanding.

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Ealát is based on cooperation using WRHs uniqe
network.
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EALÁT

• Arctic Vulnerability Network Study
• Reindeer herding in Changing Climate Coping
  Mechanisms and Adaptive Capacity- Comparative
  Approach through Eurasia.
• Focus comparative analyses of indigenous
  knowledge
• EALÁT is based on the projects AVS, Rennet and
  Reindeer mapper, focus on traditional knowledge
  and include monitoring of change in reindeer
  herders society. A major goal is to establish
  comunication between reindeer herders society .

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Association of World
Reindeer
Herders
Established in Nadym in 1997 as non-political
organization for world reindeer
herders. Recently organized the 3rd Rein
Yakutsk 2005 About 80.000 herders belong to the
organisation, 16 different reindeer
regions. Observer to the Arctic Council from
2002. President Dmitry Ottowich Khorloya, Yamal,
Russia, general secretary Johan Mathis Turi Main
office Kautokeino, Norway.
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Integrating Indigenous Traditional Local and
Scientific Knowledge for Improved Management,
Policy and Decision-Making in Reindeer Husbandry
in the Russian Arctic
Reindeer herders 3rd congres mars 2005 i
Sahka-Jakutia, Jakutsk declaration focus on
herders knowledge production .

• Nancy G. Maynard1
• B. Yurchak 2
• J.M. Turi3
• S.D. Mathiesen4
• R. Aissi-Wespi5
• 1 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
• 2 University of Maryland GEST Center/NASA GSFC
• 3 Association of World Reindeer Herders
• 4 Nordic Sami Institute and Norwegian School of
  Veterinary Science
• 5 Decision Systems Technologies, Inc./NASA GSFC
• May 20, 2004

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World Reindeer Herders International Information
Centre

• Kautokeino, Norway
• Annonced by Norway at the Arctic Council
  Ministerial meeting on Iceland in 2004
• Grand opening September 2st. 4 people imployed.
• Board members from Arctic nations.
• Funded by Norway.
• Host of the WRH secretariat.
• Communication of knowledge between heders,
• herders and scientist and national
  authorities.
• .

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Reindeer herders portal
www. Reindeerworld.org opens Feb 1st
2006 Interactive 3D web with informasjon about
reindeer herding independent of languages. In
cooperation with Arctic Council and Digetal
earth foundation (www.Manyone.net).
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A sustainable strategy for the Arctic?
It is important to promote a new kind of
science where traditional knowledge is integrated
into the management of the natural environment in
the Arctic.
Johan Mathis Turi Association of World Reindeer
Herders 2002
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EALÁT is supported by WRH, NRC, RRC,
Saami Council, Raipon, Statoil and
CAFF Outreach Reindeer Herders International
Centre Documentation and
analyses Saami University College. Education
EIA (Environmental impact assessment course for
Indigenous peoples) Links to CARMA, CAVIAR,
NPI, ANTLER, ENSINOR, EIA and COMAAR
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Co-production of knowledge partnership in
science between reindeer-herders and scientists
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(No Transcript)
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Climate change scenario for winter pastures in
Finnmark

• Mean ann. temp. ? 0.3 - 0.5 ºC per decade
• Mean ann. precipitation. ? 1 - 4 per decade
• Effect greater in north and inland compared to
  south and coast
• Spatial resolution poor
• Inner Finnmark most effected place in Norway.

Source I. Hansen-Bauer, NMI.
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The Barents Sea scenario 2030
Zeebrugge
Emden

• Short-term (2012)
• Snøhvit I II
• Pechora oil
• Baltic Sea pipeline
• Shtokman I
• Area F G
• Medium-term (2020)
• Barents West gas pipeline
• Shtokman II
• Long-term (2020)
• Shtokman III
• Gas pipeline Barents Sea

Kårstø
Kollsnes
Nyhamna
Åsgard
Tromsø
Murmansk
Kirkenes
Melkøya
Barents Vest
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• hhhh.bmp

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The vanishing Arctic - tap av reinens beiteland
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Highest loss of grazing land in the Circumpolar
region.
2030
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A simple perspective on vulnerability
Vulnerability ( V ) the difference between the
Impacts ( I ) from multiple stessors and the
ability of a system to Adapt (or its adaptive
capacity AC ) V I - AC
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Framework for the Reindeer Vulnerability Studies
Climate Projections for Eurasia
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Integrating Indigenous Traditional Local and
Scientific Knowledge for Improved Management,
Policy and Decision-Making in Reindeer Husbandry
in the Russian Arctic

• Nancy G. Maynard1
• B. Yurchak 2
• J.M. Turi3
• S.D. Mathiesen4
• R. Aissi-Wespi5
• 1 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
• 2 University of Maryland GEST Center/NASA GSFC
• 3 Association of World Reindeer Herders
• 4 Saami Univertsity College
• 5 Decision Systems Technologies, Inc./NASA GSFC
• May 20, 2004

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What is ReindeerMapper?
Association of World Reindeer Herders
Goddard Space Flight Center

• Management Support System for Sustainable
  Reindeer Husbandry

Purpose of ReindeerMapper
This system is to bring indigenous traditional
local knowledge together with scientific
knowledge, remote sensing and information
technologies to address environment, weather,
climate, and land use change issues for improved
decision making for sustainable reindeer
husbandry.
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Goddard Space Flight Center
Association of World Reindeer Herders
Data Acquisition
Reindeer Mapper System Concept
Partner Web

• Remote Sensing/Science and Technology, Data and
  Information
• Other Information/Sources
• Reindeer Herder Data/Knowledge

Reindeer Mapper Team
Reindeer Mapper GIS Database
Conference Center

• World Center for Sustainable Reindeer Herding
• Teleconferences

Data Integration
Communication/Outreach
Traditional/ Local Knowledge/ Data
Maps/Reports and Analysis
NASA/ Remote Sensing Data
Knowledge transfer between traditional/ local
knowledge and scientific knowledge

• Real Time
• Historical

Arctic Data Archives
Arctic Science Institutions
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Temperature analyses for inner Finnmark, winter
1967 / 68
Autumn into November warm, high
precipitation Abrupt change in temperature
from warm November to cold December with a
crust of solid ice on the ground as a
result Winter cold and dry as usual Spring
coldest May since 1917
(125 years
data, NMI)
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Winter 1967 / 68 was special for Sami reindeer
herders .

• High mortality of reindeer
• Government provided 1 mill. USD
• An historical event which changed the
  herdering community.

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A new strategy for sustainable development for
the Arctic?
It is important that traditional
knowledge is integrated into the management and
monitoring of the natural environment in the
Arctic. Johan Mathis Turi,
Association of World Reindeer Herders
It is critical to empower indigenous reindeer
herders with the best technologies available to
combine with indigenous knowledge for advancing
the development of sustainable reindeer
husbandry
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Finnmark climate projections
local climate conditions important for reindeer
herding
forage availability, quality, abundance
reindeer growth production
herding strategy
herding community
predation
institutions governance
encroachment
constraints