Unit 3: Matter

1
Unit 3 Matter
2
Unit 3 Matter

• What is it?
• What is it really?
• Whats it like?
• What types are there?
• How does it change?

3
Matter usually a mixture

• If pure a substance
• unchanging composition

• Ex NaCl
• (salt)

• Ex H2O
• (water)

Not!
H-O-H
4
Is it a pure substance?

• Seawater?
• No- varies in composition
• Mud?
• No
• Gold?
• Yes (substances are assumed to be pure)

5
Physical Properties of Matter
Click here to view movie clip.
6
List some Physical Properties of Matter

• density,

• taste,

• color,

• hardness,

• odor,

• melting point,

• and boiling point.

7
Extensive and Intensive Properties 

• Extensive properties
• amount-dependent
• Intensive properties-
• Doesnt matter how much.

8
Intensive or extensive?

• Mass
• Ext
• Boiling point
• Int
• Density
• Int
• Toxicity
• ext

9
Chemical Properties

• Involve the formation of a new substance
• Combustion
• rust

10
4 states of matter

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• -vapor
• a gas that is a liquid or solid at room
  temp.
• Plasma
• lightning bolts

11
The 4th state of matter Plasma

• Ionized gas
• flames
• Lightning bolts
• Neon lights
• Sun
• Comets tail

12
Properties of s,l,g
Compressible?
Assumes shape of container?
Phase
No
No
Solid
No
Yes
Liquid
yes
Yes
Gas
13
An intermediate phase Liquid Crystals
Compressible?
Assumes shape of container?
Phase
No
No
Solid
No
Yes
Liquid
no
Yes- but ordered like a solid
Liquid Crystal
14
Details Liquid Crystals

• Nematic Phase
• Free molecular movement but ordered
• Smectic Phase
• No interlayer movement.

15
Questions- close your notebooks
A. flows and takes the shape of a
container
liquid, gas

gas
B. compressible
C. made of particles held in a specific
arrangement
solid
16
Notebooks closed please
D. has definite volume
solid, liquid
gas
E. always occupies the entire space of its
container

F. has a definite volume but flows
liquid
17
Reviewhttp//www.glencoe.com/qe/scienceOLC.php?q
i6231
More review Most ordered liquid crystal
phase Smectic 3 examples of plasmas Neon
lights, fire, plasma screens, sun, lightning
18
s,l,g conversions

• Gas
• Liquid
• Solid
• How else??

condense
boil
cool
heat
sublime
deposit
Or vacuum
Or increase pressure
melt
freeze
19
Chemical and Physical Change
20
Our first Law

• Law of Conservation of mass
• Mass is conserved during a chemical reaction.
• Click here to play movie

(doesnt change)
21
Chemical or physical change?

• water boils

Physical
B. Sugar is heated into caramel
Chemical
C. Fire.
Chemical
22
Example
Methane
Oxygen ?
CO2
water
16 g
64 g
44 g
??
36 g
Mass is conserved
23
Question please think, dont write
A reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrogen
chloride gas produces sodium chloride and water.
A reaction of 22.85 g of sodium hydroxide with
20.82 g of hydrogen chloride gives off 10.29 g of
water. What mass of sodium chloride is formed in
the reaction? Write the reaction
Sodium hydroxide hydrogen chloride ? Sodium
chloride water
22.85 g
20.82g
10.29 g
33.38 g
Mass Reactants
Mass Products
24
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Topic 4
Types of Mixtures

• 1. Heterogeneous

• Not blended. Each substance is observable

• Ex sand in water.

25
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts

• Homogeneous
• Blended.
• Cant observe each substance
• a Solution

26
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Solutions 1. Gas-gas Air 2. Gas-liquid Soda 3.
liquid-liquid Gasoline vinegar 4.
solid-liquid Salt water 5. Solid-solid Brass,
steel
27
Topic 4
Heterogeneous or homogeneous?

• 70 isopropyl rubbing alcohol

B. a pile of rusty iron filings
C. concrete
D. saltwater
E. gasoline
F. bread
28
Additional Assessment Questions
Topic 4
Answers

• 70 isopropyl rubbing
• alcohol

homogeneous
heterogeneous
B. a pile of rusty iron filings
heterogeneous
C. concrete
D. saltwater
skip
E. gasoline
homogeneous
skip
F. bread
29
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Separating Mixtures

• Filtration

• Separates solid-liquid heterogeneosus mixtures

30
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Topic 4
Separating Mixtures

• Distillation (french)

• Distillation (english)

• Separates liquid-liquid homogeneous mixtures

• Physical basis
• solubility

31
(No Transcript)
32
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Topic 4
Separating Mixtures

• Oil is purified by distillation

33
Separating Mixtures

• Crystallization
• Slow precipitation of a solid from a solution.

34
(No Transcript)
35
Crystalline vs. Amorphous

• Not shiny
• Usually impure (mixture)

• Shiny crystals
• Usually very pure

36
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Topic 4
Separating Mixtures

• Chromatography

• Separates liquids or solids in solution based on
  adsorption to a support.

37
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Elements

• An element is a substance that cannot be
  separated into simpler substances by ordinary
  means.

38
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Elements
39
Elements Honors Only

• Know the symbols and names of elements 1-20 by
  Friday.

40
(No Transcript)
41
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Compounds

• a combination of two or more different bonded
  elements.

Compounds are common Pure elements are rare
42
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Categories of Matter
43
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Compounds or elements
Water Compound H2O compound Nitrogen Element N
Sugar Compound C6H12O6 Methane Compound CH4
44
Additional Assessment Questions
Topic 4
Question 2
Identify each of the following as an example of
an element or a compound.
A. sucrose (table sugar)
B. the helium in a balloon
C. baking soda
D. a diamond
45
Additional Assessment Questions
Topic 4
Answers
A. sucrose (table sugar)
compound
element
B. the helium in a balloon
C. baking soda
compound
element
D. a diamond
46
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Topic 4
Law of Definite Proportions Our 2nd Law

• compounds are always composed of the same
  elements in the same proportion by mass.
• H2O is always H2O

47
MatterProperties and Change Additional Concepts
Topic 4
Law of Definite Proportions

• The relative amounts of an element in a compound
  is called percent by mass.

48
Additional Assessment Questions
Topic 4
Question 3
A 134.50-g sample of aspirin is made up of 6.03 g
of hydrogen, 80.70 g of carbon, and 47.77 g of
oxygen. What is the percent by mass of each
element in aspirin?
49
Additional Assessment Questions
Topic 4
Answer
4.48 hydrogen, 60 carbon, 35.52 oxygen
50
Additional Assessment Questions
Topic 4
Question 4
A 2.89-g sample of sulfur reacts with 5.72 g of
copper to form a black compound. What is the
percentage composition of the compound?
51
Additional Assessment Questions
Topic 4
Answer
33.6 sulfur, 66.4 copper
52
End matter ?