The Circulatory System

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The Circulatory System
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The Circulatory System

• The Blood carries the Bodys Fuel Supply
  (Oxygen)
• As you Train and become Fitter your Circulatory
  System becomes more Efficient
• The main functions of the Circulatory System are
• Transport Carrying blood, water, oxygen
  nutrients through the body, and removes the waste
  products
• Body Temperature Control Blood absorbs the body
  heat and carries it to the lungs and skin to be
  released
• Protection Helps to fight disease e.g
  antibodies that fight infection are in the blood
  as are clotting agents to seal cuts and wounds

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The Circulatory System

• The Circulatory System has 4 main parts
• The Heart
• The Blood Vessels
• The Blood
• The Pulmonary Systemic System

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The Heart

• The Heart is a Muscle Therefore, it gets Bigger
  and Stronger as you Train.
• It also Contracts and Relaxes This is called a
  Heartbeat.
• Your Heart Beats about 72 times per minute when
  your resting.
• The Fitter you are the Less it Beats What is
  your Resting Heart Rate?

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Exercise The Heart

• Your Maximum Heart Rate is 220 minus your age in
  years
• 220 15 205 bpm
• When you exercise your Heart Beats faster to pump
  the Blood Oxygen to the Muscles
• Aerobic Exercise requires Oxygen and the Heart to
  pump it round the body

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Blood from the body without O2
Blood from the lungs with O2
RIGHT ATRIUM
LEFT ATRIUM
LEFT VENTRICLE
RIGHT VENTRICLE
Blood pumped to the lungs
Blood with O2 pumped to rest of body
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Video Clip
The Heart
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Journey of Blood

• Blood Enters the Right Atrium from the body with
  Carbon Dioxide (waste products) and without
  Oxygen
• The Right Ventricle pumps blood through Pulmonary
  Artery to the Lungs
• In the Lungs the Blood Dumps the Carbon Dioxide
  and Picks Up Oxygen
• Blood Returns to the Left Atrium through the
  Pulmonary Vein
• The Left Ventricle Pumps the blood to the rest of
  the Body through the Aorta
• As the Blood moves through the Body it loses its
  Oxygen It then returns to the Right Atrium
  the Cycle takes place all over again

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Video Clip
Journey of O2
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Blood Vessels

• There are 3 types of Blood Vessels
• Arteries
• Capillaries
• Veins
• These Vessels transport the Blood around the Body
  to every Muscle

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Arteries

• These carry Blood at High Pressure away from the
  Heart
• These are the Thickest Blood Vessels
• The walls of the Artery relax contract
  depending on the amount of Blood
• They Pulsate as the Heart Beats
• The Aorta is the Largest Artery in the Body
• Arteries divide into smaller Vessels called
  Arterioles and these then become Capillaries

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Capillaries

• These are subdivisions of the Arteries and are
  fed by the Arterioles
• They are very Small Only 1 Cell Thick
• They are semi-permeable which allows CO2, O2,
  Nutrients Waste Products to pass through their
  walls
• Capillaries are found in Clusters where they feed
  the Muscles, Organs Body Tissue
• At the End of the Capillaries the Blood flows
  into Veins

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Veins

• Veins are Thinner than Arteries but the Structure
  is the same
• Veins transport deoxygenated Blood back to the
  Heart
• They have a System of Valves to stop the blood
  flowing Backwards
• Muscles near to the Veins help to push Blood back
  as they Contract (Skeletal Pump)
• Gravity Helps Blood flow above the Heart

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Cross-section of an Artery Vein
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Copy Fill in the table below
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Video Clip
Circulatory System
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The Blood

• Cells make up 45 of the Blood are Solid
• There are Three types of Blood Cells
• Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
• Very Small give the Blood the Red Colour
• Produced in the Bone Marrow contain Haemoglobin
• Transport O2 CO2
• Upto 2 million produced destroyed every second

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The Blood cont

• White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
• Produced in Bone Marrow Lymph Tissue
• Main function is to Fight Infection
• The pus in wounds/cuts are dead leukocytes
• Platelets
• Help to Clot the Blood
• Clot Seal any damaged Skin
• Clot Seal any damaged Blood Vessels
• Plasma
• Forms the remaining 55 of the Blood is the
  liquid section
• Composed of Water, Fibrinogen Protein (helps
  clotting), Nutrients (glucose amino acids),
  Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen some waste products

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Circulatory System
Pulmonary Circuit Carries deoxygenated blood from
the Heart to the Lungs. Exchanges CO2 for O2
and returns from the Lungs to the Heart
Systemic Circuit Carries oxygenated blood from
the Heart to the rest of the Body. Exchanges O2
for CO2 and returns from the Body to the Heart
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Video Clip
Heart Circulatory System
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The Pulse

• This is caused by the Action of the Heart pumping
  blood around the Body
• Every time the Heart Beats (or contracts) it
  registers as a Pulse
• You can check your Pulse at the following places
• Radial Pulse Inside of your Wrist
• Carotid Pulse Either side of the Neck
• Temporal Pulse Above the temple on the side of
  your Head
• Femoral Pulse In the Groin

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Blood Pressure

• The Blood in the Circulatory system is always
  under Pressure as this is how it is Pumped around
  the Body
• The pressure is higher in the Arteries than the
  Veins
• Blood Pressure is a measure of how much pressure
  the blood is placing on the Artery walls
• It is measured using a Sphygmomanometer
• It gives two readings
• Systolic Pressure in the Arteries when the Left
  Ventricle contracts
• Diastolic Pressure in the Arteries when the
  Left Ventricle relaxes

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Blood Pressure cont

• Average Blood Pressure is 120/80
• Blood Pressure is affected by
• Age
• Sex
• Exercise
• Stress Tension
• Condition of Circulatory System
• High Blood Pressure may indicate that the Heart
  is finding it Difficult to Pump the Blood around
  the Body
• This may lead to a Heart Attack (heart starved of
  O2) or a Stroke (brain starved of O2)

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Blood Pressure cont

• Blood Pressure can be reduced by
• Increasing regular exercise
• Reducing or controlling weight by a sensible diet
• Stopping smoking
• Avoiding/Minimising Stress
• Taking medication (beta-blockers)
• Heart Disease is the most common cause of Death
  in the Western World

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Effects of Exercise

• Heart Rate
• Increases during Exercise to meet the demands of
  the Muscles
• Heat Production
• Increase in Body Temperature
• Sweating removes extra Water Salt
• Blood Pressure
• Increases as more Blood is Circulated
• Skin Colour
• Blood Vessels at the Surface of the Skin open up
  (dilate) which causes the Reddening Effect