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Stochastic Differential Equations and Random Matrices

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9/26/09. 1. Stochastic Differential Equations and Random Matrices. Alan Edelman. MIT: Dept of Mathematics, Computer Science Artificial Intelligence Laboratory ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Stochastic Differential Equations and Random Matrices


1
Stochastic Differential Equations and Random
Matrices
  • Alan Edelman
  • MIT Dept of Mathematics,
  • Computer Science Artificial Intelligence
    Laboratory
  • SIAM Applied Linear Algebra
  • July 18, 2003

2
Subject Random Wow!
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Randomized Algorithms
  • Random Variation Natural Selection
  • Option Pricing Model
  • Why not applied linear algebra????

3
Everyones Favorite Tridiagonal
-2 1
1 -2 1

1
1 -2





4
Everyones Favorite Tridiagonal
-2 1
1 -2 1

1
1 -2
G
G


G
1 (ßn)1/2







5
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
6
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
G G G G G G G
7
?7 G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
8
?7 G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
9
?7 G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
10
?7 G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
11
?7 G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
12
?7 G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
13
?7 G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
14
?7 G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
15
?7 G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
16
?7 G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
O G G G G G G
17
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
18
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
19
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
20
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
21
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
22
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
23
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
24
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
25
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
O O G G G G G
26
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
27
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
28
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
29
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
30
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
31
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
32
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
33
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
O O O G G G G
34
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
35
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
36
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
37
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
38
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
39
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
40
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
O O O O G G G
41
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O G G
O O O O O G G
42
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O G G
O O O O O G G
43
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O G G
O O O O O G G
44
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O G G
O O O O O G G
45
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O G G
O O O O O G G
46
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O G G
O O O O O G G
47
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O ?2 G
O O O O O O G
48
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O ?2 G
O O O O O O G
49
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O ?2 G
O O O O O O G
50
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O ?2 G
O O O O O O G
51
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O ?2 G
O O O O O O G
52
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O ?2 G
O O O O O O ?1
53
?7 G G G G G G
O ?6 G G G G G
O O ?5 G G G G
O O O ?4 G G G
O O O O ?3 G G
O O O O O ?2 G
O O O O O O ?1
54
Same idea sym matrix to tridiagonal form
G ?6
?6 G ?5
?5 G ?4
?4 G ?3
?3 G ?2
?2 G ?1
?1 G
55
Same idea General beta
G ?6?
?6? G ?5?
?5? G ?4?
?4? G ?3?
?3? G ?2?
?2? G ??
?? G
beta 1 reals 2 complexes 4 quaternions
56
Stochastic Operator Limit



57
Largest Eigenvalue Plots
58
MATLAB
  • beta1 n1e9 opts.disp0opts.issym1
  • alpha10 kround(alphan(1/3)) cutoff
    parameters
  • dsqrt(chi2rnd( beta(n-1(n-k-1))))'
  • Hspdiags( d,1,k,k)spdiags(randn(k,1),0,k,k)
  • H(HH')/sqrt(4nbeta)
  • eigs(H,1,1,opts)

59
Tricks to get O(n9) speedup
  • Sparse matrix storage (Only O(n) storage is used)
  • Tridiagonal Ensemble Formulas (Any beta is
    available due to the tridiagonal ensemble)
  • The Lanczos Algorithm for Eigenvalue Computation
    ( This allows the computation of the extreme
    eigenvalue faster than typical general purpose
    eigensolvers.)
  • The shift-and-invert accelerator to Lanczos and
    Arnoldi (Since we know the eigenvalues are near
    1, we can accelerate the convergence of the
    largest eigenvalue)
  • The ARPACK software package as made available
    seamlessly in MATLAB (The Arnoldi package
    contains state of the art data structures and
    numerical choices.)
  • The observation that if k 10n1/3 , then the
    largest eigenvalue is determined numerically by
    the top k k segment of n. (This is an
    interesting mathematical statement related to the
    decay of the Airy function.)

60
Level Densities
61
Open Problems
The distribution for general beta Seems to be
governed by a convection-diffusion equation
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