Science 9 - Carbon Cycle

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The Carbon Cycle
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What is the Carbon Cycle?

• Nutrient cycle in which CARBON ATOMS are RECYCLED
  through the abiotic and biotic parts of an
  environment.

CARBON ATOMS
Any excreted waste can contain large amounts of
carbon that can be recycled as fertilizer.
Consumers of plants ingest the carbon stored
within the plant. The same carbon, originally
from wood, becomes apart of the animal back to
the plants
Wood burned produces carbon dioxide. The carbon
being released had been stored within the plant
through photosynthesis.
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What is the Carbon Cycle?

• Consists of two processes in the BIOTIC
  environment
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• (in AUTOTROPHS)
• CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• (in HETEROTROPHS AUTOTROPHS)

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Autotrophs

• Organisms having the ability to synthesize their
  own food
• Examples
• Plants Algae

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Autotrophs

• Organisms that can make their own food, such as
  plants which make their food from inorganic
  substances
• Why are autotrophs imporant?
• Called producers because they produce chemical
  energy for an entire ecosystem
• Convert inorganic substances light into organic
  substances containing CHEMICAL ENERGY (i.e. food)

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Heterotrophs

• Organisms that do not make their own food
• Also known as consumers they eat other things
• Ex. Deer, Mushrooms (a decomposer), Rabbits

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Heterotrophs

• Various types of consumers
• Scavengers/Detrivores
• Feed on dead tissue of organisms (both plans and
  animals)
• Ex. Vultures, Crows, and Shrimp

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Heterotrophs

• Herbivores
• Eat ONLY plants
• Ex. Cows, Elephants, Giraffes

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Heterotrophs

• Carnivores
• Eat ONLY meat
• Ex. Lions, Tigers, Sharks

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Heterotrophs

• Omnivores
• Eat BOTH plants and animals
• Ex. Bears and Humans

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Heterotrophs

• Decomposers
• Absorb any dead material and break it down
• Ex. Bacteria and Mushrooms

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Photosynthesis

• Takes place in autotrophs

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Photosynthesis

• Takes place in autotrophs, specifically in the
  leaves of green plants
• In photosynthesis, plants trap sunlight (energy
  from the sun) and use it to create food (sugar
  called glucose)
• Key plants turn light energy into chemical
  energy

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Photosynthesis Equation

• Photosynthesis is the process in which plants
  make food (sugar).
• Equation

Reactants
Products
Carbon Dioxide Water Energy
Sugar Oxygen
Called Glucose. It is a plants foodStored in
body of a plant
Released back into the air (waste product)
Taken from the environment (air)
Roots absorb water from soil and transport it to
the leaves
Chloroplasts (located in leaves) trap light
energy from sun
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Photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis
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Explaining Photosynthesis

• Plants cant use light energy directly, instead
  they must convert it to chemical energy in the
  process of photosynthesis
• This chemical energy is either
• Used to survive (energy to live)
• Stored as physical part of the plant (called
  starch)

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Now a Short Clip

• (PHOTOSYNTHESIS)

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Explaining Photosynthesis

• Heterotrophs consume the plant material for this
  stored chemical energy

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Cellular Respiration

• Takes place in autotrophs heterotrophs

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Cellular Respiration

• CELLULAR RESPIRATION is when food (chemical
  energy) is broken down to release energy
• This is called catabolism or digestion.
• Sugar (Food) made by plants in photosynthesis is
  broken down through cellular respiration into an
  energy form which can be used

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Now a Short Clip

• (METABOLISM)

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Cellular Respiration

• Cellular Respiration takes place in the
  mitochondria of plant and animal cells
• In respiration, Oxygen is combined with Sugar to
  produce ENERGY, Carbon Dioxide, and Water

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Cellular Respiration

• The chemical equation for respiration, is
  essentially the opposite of photosynthesis
• Chemical Equation

Reactants
Products
Energy Carbon Dioxide Water
Sugar Oxygen
Sugar which is made by producers or eaten by
consumers
Used to breakdown the sugar. It is breathed in
by animals.
Energy is produced which allows the animal to live
Waste Product of released into the environment
(breathed out)
Waste Product. Often reused, or can be released.
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Now a Short Clip

• (CELL RESPIRATION)

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Complementary Processes

• Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis are
  complementary processes

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Carbon Storage
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Carbon Storage

• Carbon is continually recycled in living
  ecosystems, but it can also be stored
• Ways of storing carbon
• (1) Inroganic Carbon Storage (non living)
• (2) Organic Carbon Storage (living)

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Inorganic Carbon Storage

• Storage of carbon atoms in non-living things
  occurs in 3 ways
• Atmosphere
• Carbon dioxide in the air
• Contains least stored carbon (0.03)

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Inorganic Carbon Storage

• Oceans
• Carbon dioxide dissolved in water
• Used by water plants for photosynthesis

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Inorganic Carbon Storage

• Soil
• Carbon stored in rocks such as limestone
• Most carbon is stored in soil / rock
• Can be released when rocks are disturbed
  (volcanoes, acid rain)

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Limestone Acid Rain
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Limestone Acid Rain
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Organic Carbon Storage

• Carbon is stored in the bodies of living things

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Organic Carbon Storage

• Carbon stored in living bodies is released when
  the organism dies and decomposes.
• Carbon is continually being recycled

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Organic Carbon Storage

• Carbon stored in a body can be turned into fossil
  fuels (gas, coal, etc.)
• Peat (dead plant material) which gets buried can
  turn into Coal

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Where is all the carbon in our world
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Captain Carbon

• A Review of The Carbon Cycle

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The Carbon Cycle

• Captain's Log
• After floating around for a while and enjoying
  the fresh air, I became restless and started to
  search for an adventure. Since I heard that green
  plants enjoy having carbon dioxide molecules over
  for company, I thought I'd give it a try!!!!!!

Captain Carbon with 2 of his oxygen buddies.
Together they form a molecule called carbon
dioxide
Before I knew it, I was converted from being
part of a gas, CO2 into a glucose (sugar)
molecule.
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Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide water light energy ? sugar
oxygen
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Respiration
sugar oxygen ? water carbon dioxide energy

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Carbon Storage
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The Carbon Cycle