The Evolution in

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The Evolution in Product Identification
2005 Sunrise ISBN-13
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Evolution in Product Identification
Precipitating Events

• 2005 Sunrise
• ? January 1, 2005 This date has been
  established as 2005 Sunrise by the Uniform Code
  Council (UCC). General retailers in the US and
  Canada are to be able to read, process, and store
  EAN/UCC-13 product identifiers (including the UPC
  treated as a full 13-digit EAN).
• The Uniform Code Council is also recommending
  that companies in the US and Canada become
  compliant with the 14-digit GTIN (Global Trade
  Item Number) family of international product
  identifiers.
• ISBN-13
• January 1, 2007 International ISBN Agencies
  will begin issuing 13-digit ISBNs (ISBN-13s) for
  books. All existing 10-digit ISBNs (ISBN-10s)
  will be treated as ISBN-13s going forward.

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Evolution in Product Identification
2005 Sunrise
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Evolution in Product Identification
Why is the Evolution Happening?

• Consolidation in the US and Canada of what
  amounts to three different identification systems
  (ISBN, UPC, EAN)
• - Elimination of confusion over which identifier
  to use on a product
• - Elimination of cost and delay in re-labeling
  products marked with
• an unusable bar code
• ? Leveraging of practices and procedures now in
  place in other industries
• ? Alignment of trade practices in US and Canada
  with the rest of the world
• ? Provision of additional numbers for future use

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Evolution in Product Identification
2005 Sunrise What Will Not Change

• ? There will be no change in the bar code on any
  product (grocery products, general merchandise,
  books).
• ? There is NO new bar code for any product.
• ? The bar codes now on books (Bookland EAN) and
  the bar codes now on general merchandise (UPC)
  are compatible with each other and they are
  already in compliance with 2005 Sunrise.
• There will be no change in the check digit
  routines now used for UPC, International EAN, and
  the Bookland EAN.

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Evolution in Product Identification
2005 Sunrise What Will Change

• ? Although there will be no change in the bar
  code symbology or in the structure of the data
  carried in the bar code
• ? There will be an difference in how the data is
  read and processed
• Until now, the UPC has been defined as a 12-digit
  number for general retailing in the US and
  Canada, but beginning in January 2005, all UPCs
  will be defined as 13 digits in length
• Today, the EAN bar codes on products originating
  in the rest of the world cannot be read by
  general retailers in the US and Canada
• After 2005 Sunrise (January 2005), general retail
  is to be able to read both product bar codes

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Evolution in Product Identification
2005 Sunrise and a Single Bar Code

• Today, some books intended for sale in general
  retailing as well as in traditional bookstores
  have two bar codes, a UPC and a Bookland EAN
• This practice was adopted because the systems of
  general retailers could not process the 13-digit
  Bookland EAN
• Compliance with 2005 Sunrise requires that
  general retail accept both UPC and EAN bar codes
  at point of sale
• Therefore, compliance by general retail with 2005
  Sunrise should eliminate any need for two numbers
  and two bar codes on a book

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Evolution in Product Identification
Price Point UPC vs. Bookland EAN

• A critical consideration is the Price Point UPC
  on Cover 4 (the back cover) of mass market
  paperbacks
• This bar code indicates the product is a book and
  gives the suggested price
• For many general retailers (grocery stores) this
  has been sufficient
• Further, pre-2005 Sunrise, those retailers could
  read the Bookland EAN
• ? Other retailers have chosen to manage inventory
  by item, and they use the Bookland EAN (an
  item-specific bar code that identifies a specific
  book)
• For these retailers, the absence of an
  item-specific bar code on the back cover has been
  a major problem at point of sale and in
  distribution

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Evolution in Product Identification
Comparison of Price Point UPC and Bookland EAN
Price Point UPC Identifies Product As A Book
and Gives Suggested Price
Bookland EAN - Item Specific Identifies A
Specific Book and Gives Suggested Price
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Evolution in Product Identification
GTIN Global Trade Item Number

• ? The GTIN (Global Trade Item Number) family of
  numbers is used for the identification of trade
  items worldwide within the EAN/UCC System
• ? The 14-Digit member of the GTIN family,
  EAN/UCC-14, relates the item level (units) and
  higher packaging levels (cases) for a given
  product
• This member of the GTIN family is already in use
  in US and Canada in the form of the Shipping
  Container Code
• It is pre-printed on many shipping containers
  (cartons), especially in grocery distribution
• General retailers order full cases using the
  EAN/UCC-14

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Evolution in Product Identification
Example of GTIN already in use today
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Evolution in Product Identification
Relationship between UPC (EAN) and GTIN
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Evolution in Product Identification
GTIN Family Progressive Relationships
Examples 12-digit UPC-12 0
18000 89476 5 Pre-2005 Sunrise 13-digit
EAN/UPC-13 00 18000 89476 5 After
January 1, 2005 14-digit EAN/UCC-14 0 00
18000 89476 5 for a single item 14-digit
EAN/UCC-14 1 00 18000 89476 2 for a
standard case
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Evolution in Product Identification
Compliance with the full GTIN Family

• The full 14-digit EAN/UCC-14 is already in use in
  general retailing in the US and Canada,
  specifically for case pack ordering and handling
• This practice may carry over into the book
  industry if general retailers ask publishers and
  distributors to use the full 14-digit EAN/UCC-14
  in communications
• ? There are also potential advantages within
  bookselling in using the EAN/UCC-14 and a
  case-pack orientation for more efficient
  distribution
• ? For example, a publisher could offer two or
  more case pack quantities during a new title
  laydown

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Evolution in Product Identification
2005 Sunrise What it Means

• After January 2005, it should no longer be
  necessary to have two bar codes on a book
• Since general retailers will be able to read and
  process the Bookland EAN and an increasing number
  of them are managing inventory at the item level,
  it should be possible to replace the Price Point
  UPC on Cover 4 of mass market paperbacks with a
  Bookland EAN
• ? Full compliance with the GTIN family of
  identifiers will enable greater use of a
  case-pack orientation for more efficient
  distribution

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Evolution in Product Identification
ISBN-13 What Will Change?

• ? As of January 1, 2007, the ISBN will be defined
  as a 13-digit identifier (ISBN-13), rather than
  as a 10-digit identifier (ISBN-10)
• ? That identifier will be identical in appearance
  to the number encoded in todays Bookland EAN
  (9780760732120)
• ? As the current supply of numbers is exhausted,
  some ISBN-13s will be prefixed with 979 instead
  of 978
• The check digit routine for the ISBN-13 will NOT
  be the same as the check digit routine now used
  for the ISBN-10
• The ISBN-13 uses the modulus 10 check digit
  routine of the EAN, while the ISBN-10 has used a
  modulus 11 routine

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Evolution in Product Identification
ISBN-13 Why is It Happening?

• First, the movement is occurring to ensure
  worldwide compatibility in product identification
  (eliminating three different numbering systems)
• Second, it will increase the pool of available
  numbers
• Many publishers in this country have a large
  supply of current ISBNs
• However, there has been a significant increase in
  publishing in some countries where there was
  little activity earlier and predictions are that
  additional numbers will be needed for those
  countries by 2007
• The International Standard Book Numbering system
  has provided a worldwide method of book
  identification for it to continue, expansion to
  the ISBN-13 is necessary

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Evolution in Product Identification
Transitioning to the ISBN-13

• The transition from ISBN-10 to ISBN-13 will
  require varying levels of effort for different
  organizations throughout the book industry
• Databases, computer screens, paper documents, and
  ISBN references within books must all migrate to
  the new identifier
• The Book Industry Study Group and BISAC are
  providing education and guidance to support this
  migration
• The objective is to encourage a phased transition
  as compared to an abrupt cutover

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Evolution in Product Identification
Modification of Internal Systems

• Adopting the ISBN-13 does not necessarily require
  immediate total modification of internal systems
  throughout bookselling
• For years, many organizations throughout
  bookselling have interfaced the ISBN-10 to
  internal SKUs
• Organizations can use the same approach to phase
  in the ISBN-13, converting internal systems in a
  staged manner
• Similarly, interfacing can also be used to adopt
  the EAN/UCC-14 for communication of orders and
  other business transactions