INTEGRATION OF EMS WITH EIA

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INTEGRATION OF EMS WITH EIA

• Ilhan TALINLI, Rana YAMANTÜRK, Egemen AYDIN 
• Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Çevre Mühendisligi
  Bölümü
• 80626 Maslak Istanbul, italinli_at_ins.itu.edu.tr

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• INTRODUCTION
• Each project proposal on the world is a sum of
  the processes using environmental sources
• These processes use and utilize the sources of
  ecosystem which is a reactor of them.
• The ecosystem is a cybernetic system.
• Decision-maker permits to the project according
  to cost benefit budget of the input-output of the
  system .

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Environmental Impact Assessment

• EIA scientifically means of
• Estimation of probable impacts of the project on
  environmental sources
• Assessment of these impacts
• Prediction of preventive and protective
  approaches to minimize the impacts
• Application
• Monitoring from start to finish

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Interdisciplinary Organization for Environmental
Risk and Impact Assessment
Regulations Impact Permissions Assessment
Engineering Ecosystem tests Design Investi
gation Operation Monitoring Rehabilitation
Activities Development
Tolarable Effect
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• Engineering Risk
  Assessment Impact Assessment
• 1. Conceptual
  Investigation
• Design
• 2. Gaining Rights
  Pre-operation
• and Monitoring
• 3. Ultimate Design
• 4. Construction
  Construction Effect
• 
  Monitoring
• 5. Preparation
  Preparation
  Tests
• 
  Monitoring
• 6. Operation
  Short Term Effect
• 
  Monitoring

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• It is aimed to understand the tolarable effect
  between input and output at the project step by
  this organization.
• In all of the engineering, design, operation and
  rehabilitation steps, all related standards
  should be assessed.
• Therefore, a management system must be used.
• This is a EMS project designing the requirements
  at all steps of the project.

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Environmental Management System(Integrated
Management Approach)

• EMS is a management manner to minimize the
  adverse effects to environmental system with
  accounting all constituents of the system.
• Total Management Concept is not only management
  of the activity but also control of the adverse
  effects to environment.
• In other words, An environmental system is
  managed with considering its inputs, outputs and
  processes integrally.

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Inputs and Outputs in Environmental Systems
Raw Material
Product, Service
ACTIVITY industry, agriculture, urbanization,
mining etc.
Energy
By Product
Reuse
Recovery
Non-product output
Waste
Hazardous Waste
Solid Waste
Wastewater
Noise
Air Emission
Radioactive Waste
Hospital Waste
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• Management Concept on Industrial Process Basis

Product
Source
PROCESS
Source Management
Product Management
Emission Emission Management
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• Industrial Management Organization for Total
  Management Concept

Raw Material Additives
The network of processes containing labor, man
power and other sources
Product
Environmental Effects Threats -Direct -Indirect -D
uring Usage -After Usage -Other
Outputs
By Product
Energy Water Air Land
Non-product -Wastes -Emissions -Consumption
of Sources -Risks -Impacts etc.
Effects to Inputs
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Integration of the EMS with the EIA

• An EMS project should also be designed according
  to estimated impacts of EIA together with
  conceptual design project.
• The EMS project which has a policy, targets, plan
  and program etc. aims to minimize the estimated
  impacts in the EIA

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Environmental Management System

• Three major constituents are considered in
  integrated management approach.
• Waste Management (emissions and impacts)
• Sources management(manpower, raw materials)
• Management of the risks (Risks from wastes and
  resources)
• These management systems are stipulated by
  exsisting laws and control enforcements.

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Management of the Environmental Impacts (Waste
management)

• Sources of the noxious effects on the
  environment are usually out-puts of the system.
• These are wastes and emissions.
• The effects of the out-puts are assessed in the
  EIA

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WASTES

• Wastewters
• Solid wastes
• Air emissions
• Hazardous wastes
• Radioactive wastes
• Hospital wastes
• Noise
• Micro pollutants
• Special wastes
• Sludges

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Wastewaters

• Management constituents are as follows
• 1.      Water supply and conditioning(clean
  water)
• 2.      Wastewater treatment, recovery and reuse
• Origines of the Wastewaters
•          processes and operations
•          by-processes and others (cndensation
  water, etc)
•          cleaning waters of reactor, proces area
  and building
•          domestic wastewater from toilets,
  cafeterias and laundries
•          storm waters and drenages
• For both segregate total wastewaters,pollution
  profile is done, monitored and assessed. They are
  managed according to apprpriate reatment
  technologies.

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Micropollutants

• Micropollutants are known as specific water
  pollutants, priority pollutants and special or
  toxic chemicals in OECD, US and other countries
  respectively. They are published in special
  lists.
• Specific water pollutant was defined as a
  substance which is mainly introduced into the
  environment by human activity and which, under
  given conditions, lowers the quality and value of
  a water resource, particularly by toxic and
  nuisance effects on human beings or aquatic life.
• They present toxic, carsinogenic, teratogenic and
  mutagenic effects and advanced treatment and
  control technics are required.
• Micropollutants from diffuse and intermediate
  sources should also be considered during the
  management system according to special guides of
  each country.

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Air Emissions

• These emissions affect indoor and outdoor air
  quality
•          Outdoor or atmospheric emissions
•          Indoor or closed area emissions
• Control for these emissions
• -determine the material or fuel producing
  emission
• -determine the sources of the emissions e.g point
  and diffuse sources(chimney,exhaust etc.)
• -do pollution profile of the emissions according
  to their forms (gases, particles, dust, mist,
  smog, fog) and compounds (SOx NOx, HC, CO2, CO,
  etc.).
• -Major management applications are filters,
  cyclones, desulfurization, wet spraying etc. or
  proces modification and fuel substitution to
  reduce the pollutants.

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Solid Wastes

• Solid wastes may be clasified as
•          Municipal solid wastes ( garbage )
•          Industrial process based solid wastes
  
• Amount and compozition of the industrial wastes
  usually reflect the related process input or raw
  material chracteristic.
• Management alternatives for both types are one or
  more as follows
• Waste minimization in source
• Collection and sorting of the waste
• Recycling
• Recovery
• Incineration
• Landfilling or controlled disposal

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Hazardous Wastes

• Hazardous waste is a/any specialized and listed
  waste
• which has acute or chronic hazard potential
  described as Flammable ,Toxic, Corrosive
  and/or Reactive criteria,
• Which should be managed all together with the
  social, political and economical aspects of the
  eco-system instead of conventional tratment and
  disposal techniques because of its composition,
  constituents, physical form, fate and transport
  in the environment
• Which may be in forms of solid, liquid, slurry,
  sludge and pressurized gas
• Which may be a/any hazardous substance that has
  been discarded or otherwise designated as a waste
  material, or one that may become hazardous by
  interaction with other subtances

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Hazardous wastes (cont)

• Sources of these wastes are mainly industrial
  and to remove their hazard criteria, it is
  required the different management methods.
• Major steps of the management aredefinition,
  determination, listing and treatment-storage-
  disposal(T/S/D).
• T/S/D facilities can be applied in in situ or
  on site.
• A/any H.W generator is responsible within its EMS
  policy, if it applies a transfer of the waste to
  incinerate on the H.W. Site with a manifest ,
  dispose to land in situ, dumping to ocean, deep
  well injection or dispose to spent mines.

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Sludges

• Wastes in the sludge form These wastes may be
  in sludge or slurry form due to liquid content or
  viscosity. On the oter hand, if the sludge
  presents a/any hazard criteria such as toxicity,
  reactivity etc. it should be determined as a H.W.
  Sources of the wastes in sludge form
• Raw sludge from a/any process or operation
• Raw sludge from a waste treatment process or
  plant
• a/any discarded maerial in sludge form
• All wastewater treatment plants produce a sludge
  and it needs different handling methods or
  management for both as H.W. and non-hazardous.

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Noise

• Noise pollution Two types of impacts should be
  considered for each activity
• Noise impacts on indoor and outdoor exposed.
• Noise management is not only reducing the noise
  to stipulated levels but also is protection of
  the humans or labors arranging with exposure
  time, frequency, shifts, isolation technics and
  fixation of the noise instruments. .
• In this situation, management of the noise as a
  waste management coincides with the source
  management.

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Radioactive Wastes

• A special management and standard must be applied
  for these wastes.
• In fact, international stipulations and
  management alternatives have been forced
  especially for nucleer power stations.
• However we have to consider some radioactive or
  electromagnetic emissions which are exposed in
  our life.
• EMS must cover a protective plan against to these
  emissions coming from radiobase stations, GSM
  operators, televisions, computers and some
  medical vehicles both during exposed in use and
  after spent of them.
• This management step is related with source
  management steps such as ecofriendly production
  and human health risk assessement.

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Hospital Wastes

• The management of these wastes is not only valid
  to hospital wastes but also is related with all
  wastes in enfectious charactestic and chemicals
  threating the human health.
• This management is also coincided with source and
  risks management.

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Source Management (Human sources and Raw
materials)

• There are big relations between waste and source
  management
• A good management of the environmental resources
  and protection can be minimized the amount of the
  waste from utilized the source.
• The most important law in USA is RCRA (resource
  conservation and recovery act) and even waste
  management rules are enforced by this act.

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Source Management(cont)

• Inputs of the process such as energy and raw
  materials are environmental sources and they are
•          renewable sources (after utilization
  they can be recycled as a source to ecosystem
  water,wind, sun, etc.)
•          non-renewable sources( after
  utilization they can not recovered as a source by
  ecosystem mines,oils,fossil fuels,coal etc.)
• In an EMS, the source management is prior to
  waste management and it should be started by
  source management such as human and raw materials.

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Source Management(cont)

• There is relation between source management and
  EMS policy e.g environmental protection concept
  in based on mechanism of as follows
•  
• Precoution of reducing of the pollution load in
  us of raw materials
• Carefll use of energy-using of clean energy
• Selection of the new and clean technologies
  eliminating by-products and waste
• Waste minimization by modification of process in
  plant
• Responsable care during distribution of the
  product and after production
• Production of the ecofriendly product
• Accidents, occupational safety health, human
  health and security
• Environmental education, training and
  consciousess
• Esthetical, ergonomic and recreative environment
• Environmental monitoring and auditing

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Environmental Management Sstem Project

• Aim of the EMS project is designing of the
  methods to minimize the impacts according to
  estimated risks and emissions
• Eficiency points of the design and applications
  must be maximized.
• Feasability of the project is assessed according
  to achivement of the removed undesired impacts
  and feedback of the policy and targets of the
  EMS Project.

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Framework of the EMS Project
Determine the policy
Environmental Engineer

• Determine the env. values
• Give points
• Assess them

Targets of the policy
Owner of the project
Planning
Programme
Management Project
Environmental Engineering
Waste management
Source maagement
Env. Risks management

• Pollution profile
• Env. And discharge stnd.
• Policy and targets
• Appropriate treatment and disposal design
• monitoring

• Risk management
• estimating
• Emergency action plan
• Occupational and human health and standards
• Monitoring, feedbacks

• Optimum usage
• Ararngement in plant
• Ecofriendly production
• responsibility
• monitoring

Above systematic should be appropriate the
existing law or should be revized them
Feasibility of the EMSP

• The ratio between EMSP efficiency and ecosystem
  values must be bigger than 0.60
• This value is a treshold value for decision
  makers and permissions.

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EMS Project Model Approach

• Model aim is occouring a cumulative model
  assessing the applicable main criteria with
  positive points but others with negative.
• EMSP positive points is divided by ecosystem
  sensitivity points.
• This ratio should be bigger than 0.60 and this is
  proposed as treshold value for a permission of
  an activity or critical value for decission
  maker.

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EMSP Model Equation

• EMSPo AY B KY EX
• 
  
• EMSPoTotal points of EMS
• B points of size
• AY Waste management points
• KY source management points
• EX extra or additional benefits to environment

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Equation of the Ecosystem Characteristics

• Ec BS CK YFK
• EcEcosystem chracteristics
• BS Boundry of the assessed area
• CK Environmental sources
• YFK Life, activity and manner of usage

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Conclusions

• An integrated EMSP within the EIA is recommend as
  objective solution method against to subjective
  assessments of the each activity or proposal
  project.
• Feasibility value of the project should be
• CYSP/ECgt0.60 for decission maker and
  permissions.