Bacteria and Humans

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Bacteria and Humans
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• Describe the ways that bacteria can cause disease
  in humans
• Specify how antibiotic resistance has come about,
  and describe ways that bacteria resist
  antibiotics
• List three ways that bacteria are helpful to
  humans

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• Bacteria cause disease
• Bacteria benefit us in food preparation and in
  environmental, chemical, and mining process

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Bacteria and Disease

• Pathology study of disease
• Pathogens bacteria that cause disease
• Toxins (From Greek for poison used in arrows)
  Poison made from living cells
• Hemotoxins destroy RBCs, Pit Viper Venom
• Necrotoxins destroy all tissue types, Brown
  Recluse, and Necrotizing Fasciitis
• Neurotoxins nerve cells, black widow, scorpions,
  box jelly fish

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• Exotoxins toxins made of protein
• Botulinum from Clostridium botulinum.
• One of most poisonous substances
• The most poisonous protein
• Used in small doses to treat muscle spasms, and
  as botox
• Poor canning

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• Clostridium perfringens
• In every bit of dirt you can find
• Can cause gangrene food poisoning

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• Clostridium tetani
• Causes tetanus
• Uncontrolled muscle spasms
• In the jaw lockjaw

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• Endotoxins toxins made of lipids and
  carbohydrates
• Inside bacteria
• Hurt us when they die

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Antibiotics

• Drugs that interfere with cellular functions
• Penicillin cant make cell walls
• Some are allergic
• Tetracycline bacteria cant make proteins
• Sulfadrugs made in labs
• Broad-spectrum drugs affect a variety of
  organisms

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Antibiotic Resistance

• When a few mutant bacteria survive antibiotics a
  resistant population will grow as their
  descendents.
• Antibiotics puts selective pressure for resistant
  bacteria to succeed.
• Overuse of antibiotics is making generations of
  resistant bacteria difficult to treat

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Useful bacteria

• Bacteria break down waste in treatment facilities
• Bacteria ferment lactose to make products such as
  buttermilk, sour cream, and yogurt.
• Bacteria digest protein in milk to make cheese
• Digest carbs in cabbage to make sauerkraut

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Useful bacteria

• Produce chemicals and fuels
• Clean up environmental disasters