Geology

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Geology

• Chimacum Middle School
• 6th Grade Earth Science

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Science EALR
1.1 use properties to identify, describe, and
categorize substances, materials, and objects,
and use characteristics to categorize living
things. Nature and Properties of Earth
materials BM2 "Classify rocks and soils into
groups based on their chemical and physical
properties describe the processes by which rocks
and soils are formed."
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Your Mission
Your company is bidding for a project with a
mining company, Rock Co. One section of the bid
requires that you describe the rock cycle
including the three types of rock found on planet
earth. You must be able to describe how you can
identify each type of rock as well as show how
soils are formed and classified. You will also
work as a team to create a PowerPoint
presentation. The PowerPoint presentation will
show why your company should be hired on with
Rock Co. An effective writer may consider the
following points - name the three types of
rocks - describe and/or draw each type of rock -
name two ways each type of rock can be
identified - show how soils are formed and
classified - describe the rock cycle, describe
how one rock type may become another explain
why the rock cycle is a cycle.
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Each Ones Responsibility

• One person will become a rock expert, including
  the rock cycle.
• One person will become a mineral expert.
• One person will become a soil expert.
• All will share.

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Classifying Rocks

• Generally, rocks are classified into three major
  groups
• Sedimentary
• Igneous
• Metamorphic

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How Sedimentary are Formed
You start with SEDIMENTS!
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How Igneous are Formed
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How Metamorphic are Formed
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Rocks, a Cycle?
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Minerals
A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic,
homogeneous solid with a definite chemical
composition and an ordered atomic
arrangement. color---color may vary from one
specimen of a mineral to another hence is not a
very reliable property to help in mineral
identification luster---a mineral with a
metallic luster will have a black or blackish
colored powdered streak on a porcelain streak
plate---that for a mineral with nonmetallic
luster will have a light colored and mostly a
nonprominent streak streak color---see luster
above hardness---a streak plate, glass, copper
penny, and fingernail are hardness tools which
can be used to test mineral hardness---also a set
of minerals called Moh's relative hardness set
can be used to specify more accurately the
relative hardness of a mineral cleavage and
fracture---the ability of a mineral to break
apart in a consistent way (cleavage) or inability
of a mineral to do so (fracture or to shatter)
can aid in mineral identification other
special characteristics---the taste of halite
(salty) and the smell of powdered sphalerite or
sulfur (rotten eggs or sulfur) on a streak plate
are examples
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Mineral Hardness

• Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness
• In 1812 the Mohs scale of mineral hardness was
  devised by the German mineralogist Frederich Mohs
  (1773-1839), who selected the ten minerals
  because they were common or readily available.
  The scale is not a linear scale, but somewhat
  arbitrary.
• Hardness Mineral Associations and Uses
• 1 Talc Talcum powder.
• 2 Gypsum Plaster of paris. Gypsum is formed when
  seawater evaporates from the Earths surface.
• 3 Calcite Limestone and most shells contain
  calcite.
• 4 Fluorite Fluorine in fluorite prevents tooth
  decay.
• 5 Apatite When you are hungry you have a big
  "appetite".
• 6 Orthoclase Orthoclase is a feldspar, and in
  German, "feld" means "field".
• 7 Quartz  Used for decoration in the home.
• 8 Topaz The November birthstone. Emerald and
  aquamarine are varieties of beryl with a hardness
  of 8.
• 9 Corundum Sapphire and ruby are varieties of
  corundum. Twice as hard as topaz.
• 10 Diamond Used in jewelry and cutting tools.
  Four times as hard as corundum.

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Soil Classification
How are they classified?
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12 Soil Orders
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Bibliography

• Lesson on Rocks. Volcano World.
  lthttp//volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/les
  sons/Rocks/Rocks1.htmlgt
• Rocks (2001). Museums Teaching Planet Earth.
  lthttp//www.geog.ucsb.edu/7Edylan/mtpe/geosphere/
  topics/rx/rocks.htmlgt
• Mohs Scale of Hardness (10/29/00). American
  Federation of Mineralogical Societies.
  lthttp//www.amfed.org/t_mohs.htmgt
• Mineral Hardness/Cleavage (9/13/00). Minerals.
  lthttp//geollab.jmu.edu/Fichter/Minerals/hardness.
  htmlgt
• Twelve Soil Orders (7/5/02). University of Idaho,
  Soil Science Division. lthttp//soils.ag.uidaho.edu
  /soilorders/gt