Geology

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Geology

• SOL 5.7

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Geology 1
What is weathering?
3
Answer
The gradual wearing away of rock by the forces of
wind, water, and ice.
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Geology 2

• What is EROSION?

5
Answer

• The moving around of weathered materials by
  wind, water, or ice.

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Geology 3

• What types of geological activities cause changes
  to the Earth very slowly?

7
Answer

• Earthquakes, volcanoes, sink holes, plate
  movement, weathering, and erosion

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Geology 4

• What is an example of a change that can be made
  to the earth very rapidly?

9
Answer

• Those caused by severe weather like tornadoes or
  hurricanes.

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Geology 5

• What causes movement of material within the Earth?

11
Answer

• The Earths heat energy

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Geology 6

• There are over twelve of them
• on Earth, they float on the
• semi-solid mantle, and when
• they move, continents move
• with them.

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Answer

• Plates

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Geology 7

• Where are most earthquakes and volcanoes located?

15
Answer

• Along faults

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Geology 8

• What is a fault?

17
Answer

• The boundary of two plates

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Geology 9

• What type of fault is this?

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Answer

• CONVERGENT

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Geology 10

• What type of fault is this?

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Answer

• Divergent

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Geology 11

• What type of fault is this?

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Answer

• Transform boundaries
• Strike slip boundaries
• or sliding boundaries

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Geology 12

• How can humans cause erosion?

25
Answer

• Deforestation,
• mining
• And overbuilding cities, highways, and roads.

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Geology 13

• What 6 thing can humans do to prevent or slow the
  process of erosion?

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Answer

• 1. By establishing governmental
• regulations and legislation
• 2. planting trees
• 3. creating better drainage patterns
• 4. contour farming
• 5. preserving rain forests
• 6. limiting pollution.

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Geology 14

• What is the rock cycle?

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Answer

• The rock cycle is a model that shows the
  continual process of change in the Earth and its
  rocks.

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Geology 15

• What causes rocks to change into other types of
  rocks?

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Answer

• Heat and pressure
• from the inner Earth.

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Geology 16

• Do all changes in rocks occur very slowly?

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Answer

• No. Some changes are very rapid, others take
  millions of years.

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Geology 17

• Is new material ever added to the Earth?

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Answer

• No.
• The material of the Earth just cycles through
  various forms like heating, melting, weathering,
  and erosion and compression.

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Geology 18

• Can any rock become any other type of rock?

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Answer

• Yes.
• There is no one way through the rock cycle.

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Geology 19

What does this picture show?
39
Answer

• The Rock Cycle

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Geology 20

• Which rock sample would show us Granite?

41
Answer

• 1
• Based on the picture, we can see crystals.

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Geology 21
What type of rock are both 2 and 4?
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Answer

• Sedimentary

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Geology 22

• What five things help us to identify rocks?

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Answer

1. Composition
2. Grain Size
3. Textural features
4. Color
5. Presence of fossils

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Geology 23

• What is the name of this sample?

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Answer

• Granite

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Geology 24

• What is the name of this sample?

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Answer

• Gneiss

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Geology 25

• What is the name of this sample?

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Answer

• Limestone

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Geology 26

• What is the name of this sample?

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Answer

• Sandstone

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Geology 27

• What is the name of this sample?

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Answer

• Slate

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Geology 28

• What is the name of this sample?

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Answer

• Shale

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Geology 29

• What is the name of this sample?

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Answer

• Coal

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Geology 30

• We classify rocks as Sedimentary, Igneous, or
  Metamorphic according to what?

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Answer

• How they were formed.

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Geology 31

• What is a sedimentary rock?

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Answer

• A rock in which layers of sediment are cemented
  together.

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Geology 32

• What is an igneous rock?

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Answer

• A rock which was formed by melting and cooling of
  lava and magma.

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Geology 33

• What is a metamorphic rock?

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Answer

• A rock that was changed by heat and pressure.

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Geology 34

• Scientific evidence indicates the Earth is very
  old. About how old is it?

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Answer

• 4.5 Billion years old

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Geology 35

• What is a fossil?

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Answer

• Fossils are the remains of plants and animals
  that have been preserved in rock.

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Geology 36

• What is a relative age?

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Answer

• A rocks age compared to another rock.

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Geology 37

• The process of how things have changed over time,
  or evolved, can be traced through what?

75
Answer

• Fossils

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Geology 38

• Fossils are indicators
• of past what?

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Answer

• Climate and geography

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Geology 39

• The study of these has lead us to create a
  timetable that serves as a model for
  understanding the Earths past. This timetable is
  divided into eras (major time units).

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Answer

• Fossils

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Geology 40

• The Earths interior is made up of three layers.
  What are they?

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Answer

• Crust
• Mantle
• Core

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Geology 41

• The crust is made of what?

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Answer

• Rock and soil

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Geology 42

• The mantle is made of what?

85
Answer

• Mostly solid rock and some partially melted rock.

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Geology 43

• The core is made of what?

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Answer

• Melted rock (iron and nickel) and an inner core.

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Geology 44

• The layers of the Earth do what continuously?

89
Answer

• Break, fold, overlap, and diverge.

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Geology 45

• As depth increases below the surface of the
  Earth, what happens to temperature and pressure?

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Answer

• They increase also.