Admin stuff

1
Admin stuff

• OWLs keep working on OWLs for Mon
• Reading Today 3.3-3.4
• Next Ch. 9
• Ch. 5
• Test 2 you will receive email as soon as
  scores are available
• Friday PRS Double credit to reward those who
  have learned
• that not every Friday is a holiday
• Memorization naming exercises due in 1 week

2
What happens when atoms are chemically combined?

• Atoms can be combined in a regular fashion to
  form
• Periodic solids (including ionic solids)
• Molecular compounds (covalently bonded)
• (Solutions are irregular and will be discussed
  in detail later)

3
Formation of ions from elements

• 2 Al 3 Br2 -gt 2 AlBr3

4
Ionic solids

• Another application of Coulombs law F
  kq1q2/d2

Li
Cl-
Li
Cl-
(1)
(2)
(3)
Which is the most favorable arrangement?
5
Ionic solids

• Another application of Coulombs law F
  kq1q2/d2

Li
Cl-
Li
Cl-
What is the most favorable arrangement of these
two atom pairs?
6
Ionic solids

• Another application of Coulombs law F
  kq1q2/d2

Li
Cl-
Cl-
Li
Ions can do better than just forming pairs!
7
Ionic solids
Ions typically arranged in 3D crystalline solids
with a high degree of symmetry.
8
Where do we see ionic solids in our daily lives?

• Glasses
• Ceramics
• Minerals
• Gemstones

9
Crystal structure of beryl
10
Crystal structure of topaz
11
Crystal structure of diamond
12
Crystal structure of ruby, sapphire
13
Crystal structure of talc
14
More examples of ionic solids (PRS)

• Which of these materials is NOT an ionic solid?
• (A) Ruby
• (B) Diamond
• (C) Sapphire
• (D) Beryl
• (E) Topaz

15
What happens when atoms are chemically combined?

• Atoms can be combined in a regular fashion to
  form
• Periodic solids (including ionic solids)
• Molecular compounds

16
Naming conventions for ionic compounds

• List cation(s) first and anion(s) second
• Use ionic names for each, but drop word ion
  since the overall compound is neutral.
• NaCl
• AlBr3
• FeS
• Same general rules will work with more complex
  ions

sodium chloride aluminum
bromide iron(II) sulfide
17
Polyatomic (molecular) ions

• Exist as a discrete collection of atoms
  (typically 2-10 atoms) with a particular
  geometric arrangement.
• Usually found in solution (but also found in
  solids)
• Knowing these ions is crucial to solution
  chemistry (ch. 5)

18
Oxoanions

• Many (most!) common anions are based on oxygen
  and are collectively called oxoanions.
• Examples
• PO33-, PO43-
• SO32-, SO42-
• ClO-, ClO2-, ClO3-, ClO4-

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Polyatomic (molecular) ions
20
Naming conventions for oxoanions ions

• perate periodate (most oxidized)
• ate chlorate
• ite chlorite
• hypoite hypochlorite (least oxidized)

(perate and hypoite generally only used for
halides Mn)
21
Naming conventions for hydrogen-containing ions

• Just add hydrogen to the name
• Note that charge changes
• HSO4- hydrogen sulfate ion
• HPO42- hydrogen phosphate ion
• H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate ion
• HCO3- hydrogen carbonate ion (bicarbonate)