Minerals

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Minerals

• Earth Science
• Ms. Cammarano

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January

• Garnet

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February

• Amethyst

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March

• Aquamarine

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April

• Diamond

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May

• Emerald

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June

• Pearl

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July

• Ruby

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August

• Peridot

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September

• Sapphire

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October

• Opal

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November

• Topaz

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December

• Turquoise

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Mineral or Not?

• 1. Gold
• 2. Diamond
• 3. Quartz
• 4. Oil
• 5. Dinosaur Bone
• 6. Cotton
• 7. Talc
• 8. Nylon
• 9. Brass

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What makes a Substance a Mineral?

• All Minerals Must
• 1) Be Naturally Occurring
• 2) Be a Solid
• 3) Be Inorganic (not living)
• 4) Have a Definite Chemical Composition
• 5) Have a molecular structure

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The Two Most Abundant Elements in the Earths
Crust

• ESRT!
• Oxygen and Silicon (SiO)
• Silicates Are the most common type of rock
  forming minerals. They are composed of the
  elements silicon and oxygen.

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Silicate Minerals

• Silicates SiO
• Talc
• Mica (Muscovite, Biotite)
• Pyroxene
• Amphiboles
• Feldspar (Potassium, Sodium)
• Olivine
• Quartz
• Garnet
• Each silicate has a structural unit called
• Silicate tetrahedron

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Silicate Tetrahedron

• A triangle shape of atoms
• 4 oxygen atoms and 1 silicon atom
• Different arrangements of the tetrahedra in the
  silicate group results in differences in the
  minerals physical properties (hardness, color,
  size)

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Physical Properties of Minerals

• Physical Properties of Minerals result from their
  INTERNAL ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS

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Minerals in Common Substances

• ESRT!

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Specific Characteristics

• Specific Characteristics- Physical Properties.
• The physical properties of minerals are
  determined by the internal arrangement of atoms.

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Streak

• A mineral in its powder form.
• The color of the minerals streak may be
  different from the color of the mineral.

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Hardness

• The resistance to being scratched.
• Use Mohs Scale of Hardness
• Use a glass plate
• Glass has a hardness of 5.5
• If the mineral scratches glass it is harder than
  glass

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Luster

• The way in which light is reflected from the
  surface of the mineral.
• Metallic- mineral shines like polished metal
• Nonmetallic- no shine

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Color

• The actual color of a mineral
• Color IS NOT a reliable identification alone!
  Many different minerals have the same color!

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Cleavage

• The tendency of a mineral to spilt along one or
  more smooth, flat surfaces, or planes.
• Mica- splits into thin flat sheets

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Fracture

• The opposite of cleavage
• An uneven break of a mineral. Leaves a rough feel

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Reaction to Chemicals

• Calcite fizzles when it comes in contact with HCL

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Chemical Composition

• The elements that make up a mineral
• Most common elements
• Oxygen
• Silicon

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Tetrahedron!
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Monomineralic

• Contains ONE element
• Can you find any monomineralic minerals
• Graphite- Carbon- C
• Sulfur- S

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Polymineralic

• Contains two or more minerals
• Can you name any polymineralic minerals?
• Galena- PbS (lead and sulfur)

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