Writing Effective Sentences

1
Writing Effective Sentences

• 4 Sentence types

2
Student Writing

• Another accomplishment has been completing my
  British Literature and Composition class and
  passing it with a good grade, that class was the
  hardest class offered at my school, and I was
  terrified to start the class, but the outcome was
  worth it.

3

• This made it quite difficult to begin my paper,
  therefore I had to rethink how I acquired all my
  information, along with a better way it could
  have been outlined.

4

• I am one out of the vast majority of people who
  have discovered my dilemmas in writing.

5

• A few particular, technical failures that I have
  experienced while writing are my tending to spell
  incorrectly, misuse grammar, and utilize
  unsuitable words in unnecessary places.

6
Independent clause

• One subject and one predicate That can stand
  alone and expresses a single idea
• the flood caused much damage
• Subject--part of the sentence doing the action
• Predicate--action part of sentence

7
Dependent Clause

• Also called subordinate clause because it will
  begin with a subordinating conjunction or a
  relative pronoun.
• May contain both a subject and predicate, but it
  is not a complete thought that can stand alone
• Ex because the city did not have a sound plan of
  evacuation

8
Types if Dependent Clauses subordinate,
adjective, adverb

• Subordinate clause begins with a subordinating
  conjunction
• while the wind blew
• because it rained so hard
• after the storm passed through town
• since the storm ended

9
Adjective clause

• A clause that modifies nouns and pronouns.
• Usually follow immediately after the words they
  modify.
• Usually begin with relative pronouns who, whom,
  which, whose, that, when, where, why
• Ex the football player who made the touchdown

10
Adverb clause

• Modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
• Always begin with subordinating conjunctions.
  Like adverbs, they always tell why, when, where,
  how, under what conditions, or to what extent
• When the storm started
• After the storm started

11
Conjunctions
12
Phrases word groups

• Noun phrase a noun and its modifiers an apple
  red car blue ball
• Prepositional phrase in the house over the
  window in the box in the meantime

• Participial phrase
• Present participle verb ending in -ing and past
  tense -ed ending
• Running through the rain
• Walked down the hall
• Ran with the ball

13
The Gerund Phrase

• When the present participial form of the verb is
  used as a noun
• Running is a healthy form of exercise.
• Downhill skiing used to be very popular now
  snowboarding rates higher.
• I always wear good shoes when I am running in a
  marathon.
• I never could get the hang of skiing downhill.

14
Infinitive phrase

• The infinitive form of the verb
• To run
• To ski
• To exercise
• To whisper
• He likes to run each day.

15
Absolute Phrase

• Consists of a noun or pronoun and a participle
  together with any objects or modifiers. It
  modifies and entire sentence rather than a
  particular word, usually set of from rest of
  sentence with punctuation (,) () (--)
• I jumped into the car and took off, tires
  screeching in protest.

16
The Appositive

• Noun phrase that renames the noun or pronoun that
  immediately proceeds the noun, generally used in
  (,)s because it is not necessary information may
  come at the end of sentence or in the middle
• To punctuate use (,) () (--)
• Ex Maya Angelou, the celebrated poet, will
  appear on campus tonight

17
Simple Sentence

• 1 independent clause--no dependent clauses
• Hurricane Katrina caused more damage than any
  other hurricane in American history.
• 1 subject and one predicate each with modifiers

18
Compound Sentence

• 2 or more independent clauses joined with a
  comma and coordinating conjunction or a ()
• Hurricane Katrina caused more damage than any
  other hurricane in American history, yet most
  residents survived.
• Most hurricanes cause severe damage Katrinas
  damage was the worst in history

19
Complex Sentence

• 1 independent clause joined with one or more
  dependent clauses
• Because Katrina was so fierce, many citizens lost
  their homes forever.
• Many citizens lost their homes because they were
  built in a flood plain.

20
Compound-Complex Sentence

• Joins a compound sentence and a complex sentence
  it contains two or more independent clauses and
  one or more dependent clauses
• Katrina hit the coast with vicious winds and she
  tore across the gulf coast with a fierceness
  never before experienced, destroying everything
  in her path.