Maps, Charts, and Graphs

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Maps, Charts, and Graphs
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MAPS
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WHY MAPS ARE USEFUL

• To represent a place or area graphically
• To help locate places
• To show the physical and human features of a place

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What can you learn from maps?

• Use to study far away places
• Used everyday on the news to show weather
• Used even to find places in the mall
• How else are maps used?

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MAIN PARTS OF A MAP

• Compass Rose a maps directional indicator
• Scale defines distances in a map
• Legend describes symbols and other items in a
  map
• Lines of Latitude and Longitude pinpoint the
  absolute location of map content

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Types of Maps

• General Purpose
• -Tells where places are and some information
  about the area
• Examples
• Physical maps (shows the natural features, or
  topography, of an area such as its mountains,
  valleys, rivers, and lakes) These are also
  called elevation maps.
• Political maps (show units such as city,
  county, state, or country boundaries as well as
  some key features like mountain ranges, rivers,
  and bays)

( Think of general purpose maps Think of most
classroom maps)
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Types of Maps

• Special Purpose Maps
• -Tells something specific about the area
• Also called Thematic Maps show a specific
  topic, theme, or spatial distribution of an
  activity

(Examples city street maps, precipitation maps,
historical maps)
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Special Purpose Map
AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN TEXAS
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Map
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Map
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Maps
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Graphs and Charts
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TYPES OF INFORMATION SHOWN BY GRAPHS, CHARTS, AND
TABLES

• Bar Graph compares data about different places
  or time periods
• Line Graph shows a trend or pattern
• Circle Graph shows how the part of a whole are
  divided
• These are useful because they convey ideas or
  information graphically.

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Bar, Line, and Circle Graphs
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Bar, Line, and Circle Graphs
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Bar, Line, and Circle Graphs
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THREE TYPES OF CHARTS AND THEIR USE

• Flow Chart shows steps in a series of
  activities
• Causation Chart shows the causes and effects of
  an event or situation

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Charts
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Latitude and Longitude
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Latitude and Longitude

• The Equator and the Prime Meridian are the
  starting points for two sets of lines used to
  find any location.

• The letter N or S following the degree symbol
  tells you if the location is north or south of
  the Equator.

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Latitude and Longitude

• The North Pole, for example, is at 90N (North)
  latitude, and the South Pole is at 90S (South)
  latitude.

• Two important parallels in between the poles are
  the Tropic of Cancer at 23½N latitude and the
  Tropic of Capricorn at 23½S latitude.
• You can also find the Arctic Circle at 66½N
  latitude and the Antarctic Circle at 66½S
  latitude.

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Latitude and Longitude

• Longitude, or distance measured in degrees east
  (E) or west (W) of the Prime Meridian.
• The Prime Meridian, or 0 longitude, runs through
  Greenwich, England.
• On the opposite side of the earth is the 180
  meridian, also called the International Date Line.

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To give directions to this island, you would use
the absolute location. You would have to use
degrees of latitude and longitude.
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Longitude lines
parallels
What do lines of latitude and longitude look like?
Latitude lines
meridians
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The Earths Hemispheres

• The equator is an imaginary line at 0 latitude.
  It divides the earth into two halves Northern
  Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. (We use the
  letters N and S to show locations north and south
  of the equator.)
• The prime meridian is at 0 longitude. It is
  also an imaginary line. It divides the earth
  into two halves Western Hemisphere and Eastern
  Hemisphere. (We use the letters W and E to show
  locations west and east of the prime meridian.)

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NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
EQUATOR
EQUATOR
EQUATOR
EQUATOR
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
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PRIME MERIDIAN
WESTERN HEMISPHERE
EASTERN HEMISPHERE
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Using Maps, Graphs, Charts Activity

• Map
• Label 4 locations in Texas on the map.
• Label the surrounding states and bodies of
  waters.
• Label 1 river that is located in Texas.

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• Bar Graph
• White 15.2 million
• African American 2.5 million
• American Indians 215 thousand
• Asian 644 thousand
• Hawaiian 29 thousand
• Other 2.7 million
• Pie Chart
• 18 years or older 36
• 21 years or older 47
• 50 years or older 11
• 65 years or older 6

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Using Maps, Graphs, Charts Activity

• Use the following information to complete the Map
  of Texas
• Map
• Label 4 locations in Texas on the map.
• Label the surrounding states and bodies of
  waters.
• Label 1 river that is located in Texas.

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• Use the following information to complete you bar
  graph and pie chart
• Bar Graph
• Rainfall in Frisco
• June 5in
• July 10in
• Aug 8in
• Pie Chart
• Favorite Pizza
• Cheese 40
• Pepperoni 35
• Hamburger 15
• Other 10

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Map Rules
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Every Map should contain

• Title
• Orientation or Compass
• Date
• Author
• Legend/Key
• Scale

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Use Neat Lettering!

• Always PRINT neatly
• Use pencil at first, then black ink
• Letter straight across (except rivers and
  mountains)
• Check Spelling!!

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Follow Directions!!

• Political Maps- color countries/states that touch
  different colors
• Special Purpose Maps- follow the directions given
• Mountains need to be colored and labeled in brown
• ONLY WATER SHOULD BE COLORED BLUE!!
• - shade coastline in blue (1 in. border)
• - show rivers with a blue line

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Use Map Symbols!!

• Use a star for capitals
• Use dots for other cities
• ALSO
• Color around the labels so they will show up.
• Put paper under your map so table patterns will
  not show
• Color in ONE direction and DO NOT SCRIBBLE!!