What good is the Periodic Table

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What good is the Periodic Table?

• There is a table provided for your use during the
  TAKS test, what can it do to help you?

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What is an element?

• Basically, if it is listed anywhere on the
  periodic table (of the elements) it is an
  element.
• If it is on the left side it is a metal element,
  if it is on the right side it is a NONmetal
  element. (Hydrogen is the ONLY nonmetal to the
  left of the stairstep line.)
• Lets look . . .

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Where are the metal elements?
Left of the Stair-step line!
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Where are the nonmetals?
To the Right of the stair step line, and
Hydrogen!
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Where are the metalloids?

• Along the stair step line.
• These elements have properties of both metals and
  nonmetals.

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The center elements on the table are called the
transition metals. Many of them have more than 1
way they will give away electrons, so they
change, or transition, ion charges. The charge
these metals use are given by a roman numeral in
the name. (Iron (II) chloride)
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The Rare Earth Metals are radioactive and form
the bottom 2 rows, also called the Lanthanide and
Actinide Series.
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So, I can tell if its a metal or not, what else?

• Each column on the table is a group or family of
  elements that have similar chemical properties.
• They form the same types of compounds, in the
  same ratio.
• They have the SAME NUMBER OF OUTER SHELL
  (valence) electrons.
• Lets look . . .

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Group 18 is the family called Noble Gases
each one has 8 outer shell electrons (full shell)
so they dont form compounds.
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Group 1 is called the Alkalai metals, they have
1 valence electron, and will form 1 ions. The
are Alkalai because they form the strongest
(highest pH) bases.

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Group 2 is called the Alkalai Earth Metals and
they have 2 valence electrons, which they will
give away to form 2 ions.
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Group 17 are the Halogens, they all have 7
electrons in their valence shell, and want to
have 1 more when they form compounds. They all
become -1 ions when they can.
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For each group, they form compounds the same way,
for example. . .

• Beryllium forms a compound with Cl in the ratio
  of 12 or BeCl2
• Since Mg and Ca are in the same family or group,
  they will form the same type of compounds in the
  same ratio.
• MgCl2 and CaCl2
• This is what is meant when they have
• similar chemical properties

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Each square also tells us information about each
element.

• The 1 or 2 letters that represent the element are
  its symbol.
• The number at the top of the square is the atomic
  number.
• The numbers at the bottom of the square is the
  average atomic mass.

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What do the numbers mean?
This is the atomic number. It is the number of
protons in a single atom of this element. By the
way, its also of electrons.
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Na
The symbol for this element.
This is the atomic mass, it is the number of
protons neutrons, or the mass of the nucleus of
an atom.
22.990 sodium
This is the name of the element.
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Use the table, it will help you answer at least 5
questions!
That may be the difference you need to pass!!
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Now, lets write some formulas and names

• Roll one of each color, the positive ion is
  written first.
• Use the charge as the subscript to the opposite
  ion, but remove the or --.
• If the ion is a group, DO NOT CHANGE THE GROUP,
  put it in ( ) with the number as a subscript
  outside.
• To name it, write the name of the ion, then
  name the ion, or if it is an element, change
  the ending to ide. Dont forget the Roman
  Numeral for transition metals.

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Law of Conservation of Mass

• Matter can not be created or destroyed.
• This means if it is on one side of an equation,
  it must be on the other, and there must be the
  same number of atoms of that element.

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Thanks for coming . . .

• Next week
• Monday Math in Room 593
• Tuesday Using formula charts and calculators
  with Test Taking Tips in the Teaching Theater
• Wednesday Science help here in Room 150