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A parametric approach towards the real-time
interpretation of sketches in the early phases of
architectural design

• Master thesis Jakob Beetz

Bauhaus - Universität Weimar
Dept. for computer science in architcture Supervis
ed by Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Donath and Jun.Prof
Dr.-Ing. F. Petzold
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Overview

• Architectural drawings
• Related research
• Parametric approach
• Prototype
• Discussion and future works

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Drawings in Architecture history

• Euclid development of scientific geometry
• Vitruvius architectura est scientia
• Alberti lineamenta the texture of lines
• Palladio drawing becomes central medium of
  communication about arch.

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Common GUIs in architectural application
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Interface-technologies

• Sutherland Sketchpad lightpointer
• Doug Engelbart Mouse
• Larry Roberts Lincoln Wand (Ultrasonic)

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Related research Flatland
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Related research Electronic Cocktail Napkin M.
Gross
3x3 grid Straight horiz. line 4-5-6 (resp
6-5-4) Straight vert. line 2-5-8 (resp
8-2-5) Box 1-2-3-6-9-8-7-4-1 Problem Rotated
strokes
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2
3
6
5
4
9
8
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Related research Quicksketch Eggli, Bruederlin
et al
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Approximation of splines through points
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Analysis of curvature
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Contour extraction Winged Edge
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Recognition of features
stroke
Symbol not recognized
Calc simplified strokescalc of strokes Calc
angle between strokes Calc length of strokes
Number of straight lines 2 ?
false
true

min length lt length of lines lt max. length?

true
min angle lt angle between lines lt max angle ?
true
Recognized symbol
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Information overlay roomsizes
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Information overlay emergency exits
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Information overlay instant perspectives
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Prototype software layers
Application
OpenSceneGraph
AIS (Open Cascade)
WxWindows
OpenGL
Tablet-Daemon
native API of OS
OS
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Prototype data layout
Document
Interpretation in arch. context
View on doc.
Arch. elements
strokes
3D-view
Geom. analysis
2D-view
1 .. n dots with pressure, timestamp etc.
Tablet-Data
Orig. sketch
Overlay with add. info
Simplified geom.
length
size


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Prototype Screenshot
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Future works

• Use of multi-agent system?
• Pattern language?
• Pattern query by expert system?
• versioning-system for sketches
• Mobile use in site measuring
• Flexible plugin for standard apps
• Extension into 3rd dimension

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Excursion Software used

• Open CascadeIndustry-scale CAD-API
• BRep kernel
• Parametric lines/surfaces (NURBS)
• Constraints-engine
• STEP and IGES support
• Scripting engine
• C/C and Java-bindings
• Linux/IRIX/Win32
• Open Source !!!
• Somewhat sluggish visualization

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Excursion Software used

• Mature scene-graph API
• wrapper of complete set of OpenGL, GLU, GLUT
  features
• ever growing list of import/export filters
  (including 3DS Max files with Matlibs, Animations
  etc.)
• particle engine
• excellent text-renderer
• LOD-mechanisms
• ShaderGL - support
• optimized for large scenes
• Linux/IRIX/Win32
• Open Source !!!
• - only preliminary tesselation and NURBS

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Excursion Software used

• OpenCV
• many useful implementations for image
  recognition (hugh transform, convex hull, contour
  extr. Etc.)
• fast data structures
• loads of near-realtime image filters
• 3d-reconstruction from video streams
• marker feature tracking
• scripting extensions
• - heavy use of DirectX