Creativity,

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Creativity,

• a sub discipline of psychology

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Left-right brain

• Discovered by Roger Sperry and Ornstein in 1960
  - The Split Brain Theory.
• 4 quadrants of brains or Hermann Brain Dominance
  Instrument, discovered by Ned Hermann in 1975.

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Quadrant Left (L) or Right (R) Brain Function
A L
B L
C R
D R
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Albert Einstein died at 115 am on April 18, 1955
at Princeton Hospital in New Jersey. Later that
day, Princeton Hospital pathologist Dr. Thomas
Harvey performed an autopsy on Einstein and
removed Einstein's brain. Harvey cut the brain
into 240 pieces. He was very protective of the
brain and kept it jars at his house. Over the
years, Harvey gave several pieces of the brain to
different researchers including Dr. Marian
Diamond (UC Berkeley), Dr. Britt Anderson
(University of Alabama) and Dr. Sandra Witelson
(McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario). Harvey
moved around the country and he always brought
the brain with him. Eventually, Harvey moved back
to New Jersey. In 1996, Harvey brought the
remaining pieces of Einstein's brain to Dr.
Elliot Krauss, chief pathologist at Princeton
Hospital
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The Conclusion The authors concluded that the
greater number of glial cells per neuron might
indicate the neurons in Einsteins brain had an
increased "metabolic need" - they needed and used
more energy. In this way, perhaps Einstein had
better thinking abilities and conceptual skills.
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More synaptic connections gt better associations
gt higher creativity.
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Loreta

• Low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography.
  

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A few techniques

• The techniques are used to study brain and
  neural system.
• EEG.
• ERP.
• fMRI.

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Stage Overview
Sensorimotor period (birth - 1-1/1-2 years) This is the period is characterized as presymbolic and preverbal. Intellectual development is dependent on action of the child's senses and response external stimuli. Child is engaged in action schemes such as grasping and reaching for distant objects. Characteristics include reflex actions, play, imitation, object permanence, nonverbal.
Preoperational period (2-3 to 7-8 years) Child's thought is based on perceptual cues and the child is unaware of contradictory statements. For example child would say that wood floats because it is small and a piece steel sinks because it is thin. Characteristics include language development, egocentrism, classification on single feature, irreversibility.
Concrete operational period (7-8 to 12-14 years) Logical ways of thinking begin as long as it is linked to concrete objects. Characteristics include reversibility, seriation, classification, conservation (number, substance, area, weight, volume).
Formal operational period (older than 14) Students are able to deal logically with multifaceted situations. They can reason from hypothetical situations to the concrete. Characteristics include theoretical reasoning, combinatorial reasoning, proportional reasoning, control of variables, probabilistic and correlational reasoning
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Eysenck 3 variables

• Hans J. Eysenck (1995) Three variables that
  influence the development of scientific
  creativity cognitive, environment and
  personality.
• Cognitive Education, intellectual intelligence
  etc.
• Personality Motivation, confidence, creativity
  etc.
• Environment as a determination factor.

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Amabile 3 components

• Teresa Amabile (1983?) Three compulsory
  components in individual creativity.
• Specialist in certain discipline e.g. science,
  mathematics, botany, engineering etc.
• Creative thinking skill creativity and
  imagination capability.
• Motivation intrinsic motivation.
• The components are influenced by the work
  environment which inspired by teacher, employer,
  friends and others.

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Intrinsic motivation

• Collins dan Amabile (1999) Studies of
  personalities of highly creative people have
  described them as being totally absorbed in and
  devoted to their work and people who doing what
  they loved were more creative in their pursuits.

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Csikszentmihalyi 3 components

• Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi (1999) studied 91
  creative persons (politician, scientist,
  businessman, artsr and novelist) from 1990 until
  1995 and developed a model system of individual
  creativity, that consists of three components
• Culture.
• Domain.
• Social recognition.

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• Feldman (2000) the person who is creating must
  master the domain, must acquire expertise.
• Piirto (2004) people dont make genuine
  contributions to a domain unless they have
  mastered the domain..

2 - DOMAIN
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Evaluate your creative personality

• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality by Frank
  Barron (1969).
• The Psychoticism Scale of the Eysenck
  Personality Questionnaire by Eysenck (1995).
• Robert Alan Black and 32 Traits of Creative
  People.

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• Persistent - Charles Goodyear (discover
  inventor of vulcanized rubber) and Chester
  Carlson (inventor of electrostatic copying, the
  Xerox process xerography) are two of the best
  examples of this trait in creative people. Both
  of them worked over 30 years trying to make a
  solution they discovered work. Creative people do
  not give up on things that mean a lot to them.
  (Robert Alan Black)

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Socio-cultural factors

• French sosiologist, Pierre Bourdieu (1980) in
  Csikszenmihalyi (1996) said that socio-cultural
  factors as the cultural capital could inspired
  the development of individual creativity.
• Socio-cultural factors include
• Educational background.
• Language.
• Recognition.
• Government support.

• Political stability.
• Good facilities.
• Creativity group.

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Psychology ilm an-nafs

• 'Psyche' according to the Oxford dictionary means
  the spirit, soul or mind thus it corresponds
  with the Arabic word 'Al-Nafs' and its various
  senses.
• In Islamic psychology, chapters on spirit, soul,
  and mind are utmost important, Should lead to
  fulfill the purpose life of man and the
  responsibility of man (as abid and khalifah).
• Ancient muslim scholars has studied humans soul
  extensively in the Islamic philosophy so that man
  can reach the ultimate soul the true servant of
  God and khalifah.
• It also dealt with therapy towards a healthy soul
  and body.
• Ibn Qayyim for example wrote on spirit and soul,
  besides that he wrote on medicine such as Tibb
  an-Nabawi.

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• The aim of psychology (as well as creativity)
  definitely must be determined by the Islamic law
  and philosophy based on the revealed knowledge.

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Creativity in Islam

• Its aims are determined by shariah.
• Should not contradict with Islamic law.
• Should lead more knowledge about God.
• Should lead to fulfill the purpose life of man
  and the responsibility of man (as abid and
  khalifah)
• Should lead the clarity of the Islamic message to
  be spread all over the world (through education,
  dawah and jihad).