Conflict between Israel and Arabs

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Conflict between Israel and Arabs
Term definition -- Israel (???) -- Jews (???) -- P
alestine (????) -- Arabs (????)
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Israel (???) -- Its a state founded in 1020
BC. In 931 BC, Israel became a divided
kingdom. The Southern Kingdom, called Judah
(??), included the city of Jerusalem and the
Temple. The Northern Kingdom continued to be
called Israel (???) -- In 722 BC and 586 BC,
the Southern Kingdom and the Northern Kingdom
were defeated by Assyrian (??) and Babylonian
(???) respectively. -- For more than several
hundred years, the land of Israel was ruled by
the Persian Empire (????), the Greek Empire and
finally the Roman Empire in 63 BC. -- According
to the Bible, the God sent Jesus Christ to be the
savior of the world. However, the people in
Israel (Jews) did not accept his teaching.
Rather, they accused him of blasphemy (????),
and had Jesus arrested. Jesus Christ was
crucified. -- According to Bible, the people in
Israel would be homeless and would not have a
stable life. ???????????????(???25) -- Therefo
re, until the end of the Second World War, the
people in Israel could not re-build their state
and they were wandering in many parts of the
world.
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Jews (???) -- Jews are the people living in the
Kingdom of Israel. -- The word Jews comes from
an ancient word yehudi, which means the
offspring of Judah (????). In Latin, its
spelled as Judaeus. Later, its transformed
as iew in England and France. Finally, this
word was changed as Jews. -- As mentioned
before, the Kingdom of Israel was defeated in
586 BC. In 538 BC, the King of the Persian
Empire allowed the people of Israel to come
back. But most of the people were from the
Southern Kingdom. Therefore, the people
living there were called the offspring of
Judah. -- They were simply called Jews.
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Palestine (????) -- It referred to the land,
Canaan (??), granted by the God, where the
Kingdom of Israel was established. However,
its conquered by Babylonians, Persians, Greeks
and Romans in turn.
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Arabs (????) -- They were Nomadic people in
Middle East. -- An Arab, Mohammed, founded
Islam. -- His successor founded a very large
empire, that covered Europe, Asia and Africa,
including the whole Middle East. -- Therefore,
the Arabs regarded Palestine as their
homeland. -- Though the Arabs came under the
rule of Turkey in the 16th century, many Arabs
were still in Palestine.
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The above map shows the territorial arrangement
of Palestine after WWII. The Arab felt
discontent. Do you know the reason? Thats
why, a number of wars between Israel and the
Arabs in Palestine broke out.
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Palestinian War (1948-1949) -- The Arabs started
a war against Israel, since they were discontent
with the division of Palestine. Discussion
(1) -- Arabs were more powerful. Israel was
weaker. However, Israel won. Why? Was the
victory of Israel The will of the
God? -- democratic vs absolute -- pro-American
vs pro-Soviet -- The desire of the USA to make
the Middle East confusing. Discussion
(2) -- Was the war launched by Arab justified?

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The map of Palestine after Palestinian War
The map of Palestine after WWII
How did Arab feel after Palestinian War? Explain
your answer with reference to the maps. (Use two
paragraphs to answer the question) What would
the Arabs do after Palestinian War?
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Suez Crisis (1956-1957)
Basic information -- Nasser, the President of
Egypt, nationalized Suez Canal in 1956. Its
because Nasser claimed that the Suez Canal was in
Egypt, its unreasonable for Britain and France
to get the greatest share of interest. -- Israel
, Britain and France joined together against
Egypt. -- Due to international pressure,
Britain, France and Israel withdrew their
troops.
Discussion Before this event, the USA
usually supported Israel. But for this
event, The USA did not support Israel. Rather,
she stopped Israel and asked for peace. Do you
know the reason?
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Six Day War (1967) -- All the previous events
resulted in the discontent of the Arabs. They
formed PLO (??) to liberate Palestine from Israel
through armed struggle. -- Border problem
between Syria and Israel -- Egypt Israel Jor
dan vs Britain Syria France -- The war
only lasted for six days. The Arabs lost in the
war.
How can this cartoon explain the quick victory of
Israel represented by the boy? What is the
limitation of this cartoon that helps you
understand the quick victory of Israel?
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Compare this map and the map in source (59),
explain how Six Day War benefit Israel. Why did
Arabs feel more discontent after Six Day War?
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Yom Kippur War (?????) (1973) -- Yom Kippur was
an important traditional festival of Judaism and
on that day the Jews will ask their God to
forgive their sins. Egypt started the war on
that day because the Israelis defence would be
weaker. Israelsupport from the USA Egypt and
Syriasupport from the USSR However, in the
same year, the USA asked for peace and arranged
the Camp David Agreement.
-- Israels gradual withdrawal from Sinai
Peninsula -- Israel allowed the Palestinians in
the West Bank to have limited
self-rule -- Egypt agreed the passing of Israeli
ships through the Suez Canal
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Can this cartoon explain why the western powers
wanted to make peace? Explain your answer. (You
may refer to P128) Whats the limitation of
this cartoon that Helped you understand why Camp
David Agreement was signed?
Limitation of the cartoon -- It only suggested
one reason why the USA had to sign an agreement
with The Middle East Countries. It failed to
show the peace-keeping desire of the USA was
very strong in 1970s, especially the time when
the Vietnam War was going to the end. -- The
cartoon only showed the needs and the urgency of
the western powers to sign the treaty. It
failed to show the Middle East countries also
wanted to solve the problems, since the embargo
policy would seriously affect their economy.
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Basic information -- The PLO built up the base in
Lebanon. -- Why did the Arabs build up their base
in Lebanon? Lebanon was near to Palestine. Its
easy for the Arabs to attack Israel so as to
recover Palestine. -- In 1982, Israel attacked
Lebanon. -- Under international pressure, Israel
withdrew her troops in 1985. The western
attitude towards Israel was from sympathy to
criticism.
Why did the powers put pressure on Israel,
instead of giving her support? -- Both the USA
and the USSR had accepted the ideas of détente
after 1970s. -- Gorbachev rose in 1985. He did
not give great support to the Arabs in order to
show her goodwill towards the USA. Therefore,
the USA also forced Israel to withdraw her
troop. Nevertheless, after Israel withdrew from
Lebanon, the PLO continued her terrorist against
Israel. Moreover, the PLO regarded USA, France
and Britain as pro-Israel, so they also became
the target of terrorist attack.
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Peace-making attempts in Israel-Palestine
Conflict -- The rise of peace-loving
figures -- ArafatPLO -- RabinIsrael -- The
desire of the USA to become an international
policeman after the dissolution of the
USSR. 1) Madrid Conference (1991-1993) -- Thou
gh no concrete agreement was reached, its the
first step towards peace. 2) Oslo
Accords (1993) -- 1992-- Rabin was the Prime
Minister -- Since 1968ArafatChairman of
PLO -- They had a more open attitude towards
the Israeli-Palestinian problem Terms -- P
LO as representative of Palestinian Arab -- PLO
accepted Israel and renounce terrorism -- Palest
inian Arabslimited self-rule in Jericho and
Gaza Strip
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Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty (1994) -- Bill
Clinton gave some financial aid to Jordan to
solve the Palestine refugee problem. Oslo II
Agreement (1995) -- Israeli-Palestinian Interim
Agreement -- Israel withdrew her troops from
West Bank and hand over the rule to PLO -- West
Bank governed by a Palestinian
congress -- Israel released Palestinian
prisoners Wye River Memorandum (1998) 1995-- Rabi
n was assassinated because of his lenient
policy 1996-- Netanyahu became the new Prime
Minister He regarded the policies of Rabin as a
betrayal of the Israeli interest. He took firmer
policies against Arab. 1998-- Bill Clinton
invited both Arafat and Netanyahu to sign Wye
River Memorandum -- Israeli further
withdrawal from Israel -- The release of 750
Palestinian prisoners -- The PLO worked with the
USA against terrorism.
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Though a number of peace-making attempts were
taken, there were still a lot Of terrorist
attacks. It seems the Palestine problems could
never be solved. Why?
-- The previous agreements were only initiated
and agreed by the key figures of Palestine and
Israel only. Actually, they were not
widely accepted by the people of the two
countries. -- The radicals would never feel
satisfied if any part of Palestine was ceded to
the other. Its evident from the death of Rabin
and Arafat in 1995 and 2004 respectively. When
they died, the radicals felt very happy and
have celebrations in the street.