THE Circulatory System

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THE Circulatory System
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Function

• All parts help to move nutrients, waste, and
  oxygen around the body.

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The Circulatory System is made up of

• Heart major organ in the circulatory system
• Made up of three muscle layers

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Muscle Layers

• Myocardium second layer muscle that makes up
  the thickness of the heart
• Endocardium thin later inside Myocardium
• Epicardium thin cover over the Myocardium

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Circulatory System

• Other parts of the circulatory system are the
  arteries, capillaries, veins, and blood. They all
  move nutrients, metabolic waste, and oxygen.
• Another important role the circulatory system
  plays is protection against Microbes and injury

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The Circulatory System is made up of

• Veins carry de-oxygenated blood from body to
  heart
• Arteries carry oxygen rich blood to body cells-
  away

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• Arterioles small arteries that connect to
  capillaries
• Venules small veins that capillaries empty into
• Capillaries minute blood vessels in body
  tissues that connect venules and arterioles,
  allowing for exchange of materials through

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• Lymph vessels/glands removes excess fluid from
  tissue, filter it, and provide disease fighting
  lymphocytes and antibodies

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Types of Circulation

• Pulmonary
• Systemic
• Makes it a double circulation system, which is
  also called a closed system

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Parts of the Circulatory System

• Left atriumReceives blood from the pulmonary
  veins
• Left ventriclepumps blood to the aorta
• Right atrium Receives blood from both vena cava
• Right ventricle Pumps blood into the Pulmonary
  artery

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When the ventricles relax -this is called
diastole
When the heart beats, the ventricles contract
-this is called systole
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• AortaThe major (LARGEST) artery leaving the
  heart with oxygenated blood that becomes the
  abdominal and the thoracic aortas to deliver this
  blood to arteries all through the body
• Coronary Arteries(L/R) Branch off the aorta to
  supply blood to the heart muscle itself

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• Coronary Veins(L/R) Return deoxygenated blood
  to heart
• Brachiocephalic trunk(Artery) Branches off the
  aorta, it branches into the Carotid Arteries
  which supply the head and neck region with
  oxygenated blood, then the Jugular Veins bring
  the deoxygenated blood back

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Branch off the (abdominal) aorta

• Internal and External Iliac Arteries to supply
  the pelvic and hip region with oxygenated blood,
  then branch into Femoral Arteries
• Renal Arteries Supply oxygenated blood to
  kidneys, also supplies blood for filtration

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• Superior Vena Cava Brings blood from head, neck,
  and forelimb to heart
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Brings blood from lower regions of body to
  heart

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• Pulmonary Artery Receives deoxygenated blood
  from right ventricle and carries it to the lungs
• Pulmonary vein Brings oxygenated blood from the
  lungs to left atrium

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• Hepatic Portal Vein Carries deoxygenated blood
  from the gastric vein from the stomach, the
  splenic vein from the spleen, pancreatic veins
  from the pancreas, and the mesenteric vein from
  the intestines, to the liver to be purified (and
  to store the nutrients), then carries the blood
  back to the heart through the inferior(caudal)
  vena cava

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Cardiac (Striated Involuntary) Muscle
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Bovine Heart
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Transverse Section of Bovine Heart
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a. Bicuspid(Mitral) Valve
b. Tricuspid Valve
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Aortic Semilunar Valve (Left Ventricle)
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Superior Vena Cava
Right Pulmonary Artery
Inferior Vena Cava
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Aortic Arch
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The first sound (lub) happens when the blood hits
the mitral and tricuspid valves between the atria
and ventricles. The next sound (dub) happens when
the blood hits the aortic and pulmonic valves
that close up after the blood has been squeezed
out of the heart and as the heart relaxes to fill
with blood for the next beat.
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Select a partner, obtain a stethoscope and
practice listening for the lub dub noises.
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ACTIVITY 2 Heart dissection in small groups
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EXCRETORY SYSTEM

• Kidneys and bladder part of the Excretory
  System that rids the body of waste.
• In addition, the kidneys maintain chemical
  composition, volume of blood, and tissue fluid.

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• The stomach and intestines largely comprise this
  system. They break down food into smaller pieces
  to be used by the body. Nutrients are gleaned
  (extracted) from the food particles.

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Ruminants
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Horse Rabbit have an enlarged cecum
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Rabbit
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BIRD
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LIZARD
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Respiratory System

• 4. Lungs are a major part that is the place where
  oxygen is taken in by the nose and passed on to
  the lungs and then goes into the blood.

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Fish have gills
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Amphibians

• Amphibians can breathe through their lungs
  moist skin by a process known as OSMOSIS
• They take in oxygen, water, salt and other
  minerals necessary to sustain life through the
  process of osmosis.
• Osmosis is the process by which water diffuses
  through a cell membrane.

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Nervous System

• Brain, spinal cord, and nerves make up the
  Nervous system. The coordinator of all body
  activities, regulates other systems, and controls
  memory and learning

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Skeletal System

• Bone, cartilage and joints make up the skeletal
  system, which provides protection for all the
  vital organs.

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Reproductive System

• Ovaries testes make up this system. They
  function to produce new individuals of the same
  species.
• Ovaries gtgtgteggs-female
• Testesgtgtgtgtsperm-male

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MUSCULAR SYSTEM

• Muscles make up this system. They give the body
  its movement, posture, support, and produces
  heat.

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Muscular System

• Voluntary Muscles
• Involuntary Muscles (animal cant control
  Exheart)

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Muscle Types

• Smooth
• Skeletal
• Cardiac

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1. Smooth

• Involuntary
• Non-striated
• Line vessels and organs

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2. Skeletal

• Attached to bones
• Voluntary
• Striated-vertical bands

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3. Cardiac

• Striated
• Involuntary
• Wall of heart

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Hormoneschemical substances created by the body
that control numerous body functions. Act as
"messengers" to coordinate functions of various
body parts. Most hormones are proteins
consisting of amino acid chains.
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Functions controlled by hormones
include activities of entire organs growth and
development reproduction sexual characteristics
usage and storage of energy levels of fluid,
salt and sugar in the blood
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