The Circulatory System

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The Circulatory System
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Circulatory System

• The human circulatory system consists of the
  heart, a series of blood vessels, and the blood
  that flows through them.

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The Heart about the size of your cliched fist

• Pericardium protective sac the heart is
  enclosed in
• Myocardium - thick middle muscle layer of the
  heart pumps blood through the circulatory system
• Atrium - upper chamber of the heart that receives
  and holds blood that is about to enter the
  ventricle
• Ventricle - thick-walled, muscular, lower chamber
  of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart
• Pulmonary Circulation - pathway in which the
  right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs
• Systemic Circulation - pathway in which the left
  side of the heart pumps blood to all of the body
  except the lungs
• Valves - flap of connective tissue between an
  atrium and a ventricle, or in a vein, that
  prevents backflow of blood

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Circulation of Blood Through the Heart

• Vena Cava
• Right Atrium
• Right atrioventricular (AV) tricuspid valve
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
• Pulmonary Artery
• Lungs
• Pulmonary veins
• Left Atrium
• Left Atrioventricular (AV) bicuspid valve
• Left Ventricle
• Aortic Semilunar Valve
• Aorta
• To all the cells of the body

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Circulation

• 4 chambered Heart
• 3 loop system circulatory system

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Heartbeat

• Pacemaker - small group of cardiac muscle cells
  in the right atrium that set the pace for the
  heart as a whole also known as the sinoatrial
  node

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Circulation System

• Aorta - large blood vessel in mammals through
  which blood travels from the left ventricle to
  all parts of the body except the lungs
• Artery - large blood vessel that carries blood
  from the heart to the tissues of the body.
• High Pressure, can contract and expand
• Capillary - smallest blood vessel brings
  nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs
  carbon dioxide and waste products
• Thin so nutrients can be passed to cells or waste
  material absorbed
• Vein - a blood vessel that returns blood to the
  heart.
• Low pressure, no muscles in walls

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Circulatory System

• One-way Valves
• Exercise

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Blood Pressure

• Systolic first number, measures the pressure on
  the arteries when the ventricles are contracted
• Diastolic second number, measures the pressure
  on the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed
• Normal blood pressure 120/80

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Questions

• List the structures of the circulatory system.
• Compare the functions of the three types of blood
  vessels in the circulatory system.
• Describe the path of blood circulation through
  the body.
• How is heartbeat controlled?
• Explain how regular exercise can promote good
  circulation.

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Blood
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Blood Composition
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Blood Composition
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Red Blood Cells

• Red blood cells transport oxygen.
• Mature RBC have no nuclei.
• Last for about 120Days

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White Blood Cells

• Produce in Red Bone Marrow
• No Hemoglobin Contains Nucleus

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White Blood Cells
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Clotting

• Thromboplastin, prothrobin, thrombin, fibrinogen,
  and fibrin are all clotting proteins found in
  blood plasma
• Mechanism
• Thromboplastin Ca ions are released by damages
  cells stimulates the ?
• Conversion of prothrombin ? thrombin stimulates
  ?
• Conversion of Fibrinogen ? Fibrin (clot)