The Reproductive System

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The Reproductive System

• External Changes

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Whats Happening

• Reproducing is the key to life
• Be fruitful and multiply
• Changes begin to happen around your age, but all
  are not the same

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Boy to Man

• You may notice changes going on
• Puberty- is going through the change
• Externally- Penis and scrotum may get bigger
• Penis size has nothing to do with manhood
• They all look different-circumcision

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Boy to Man

• Penis has two functions
• One-removes wastes as urine through urethra
  (small opening at the end)
• Two-reproducing (semen passes through urethra as
  well
• Scrotum- loose skin containing the testes
• Scrotum helps control body heat

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Boy to Man

• Early signs of puberty
• Penis gets thicker and scrotum turns a darker
  color
• Pubic hair begins to grow around the scrotum and
  protects against dirt and microorganisms from
  entering urethra

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Puberty

• Signs include growth spurt
• Boys-10-15/ Girls-8-13
• No one is average
• Bodies tissue is growing to accommodate bodies
  development
• Strength and endurance increases
• Feeling tired all the time

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Puberty-Body Shape

• Baby Fat begins to disappear or moved elsewhere
• Breast may get knots because of hormone
  production
• Girls breast also begin to develop because of
  fatty tissue and milk ducts
• Skeletal system begins to broaden-face gets longer

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Puberty-Hair, Voice, Skin

• Again pubic hair develops
• Hair develops underarm and facial hair begins
• Voices begin to change in both sexes
• Boys-voice gets lower/some cracking
• Girls-voice also gets lower and richer

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Internal Changes

• Testes have two main functions
• One-release hormones
• Two-produce sperm
• Testes made of coiled tubes
• Testes will more than double during puberty

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Internal Changes

• Epididymis-connector from testes where sperm will
  travel
• Vas deferens-larger tube from edididymis to
  urethra
• Urethra-Main tube leading out of the penis

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Internal Changes-Boys

• Prostrate-large gland that must be checked as you
  grow older

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Girl to Woman

• Genitalia called the vulva
• Vulva made of inner outer libia
• These are thin layers of skin as protection
• These two meet at the clitoris
• Behind clitoris is the urethra opening
• Behind urethra is the vaginal opening

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Internal Changes-Girls

• Easier to understand-No plumbing
• Ovaries-2 to 3cm Very important in reproducing
• Release eggs-produce hormones that give female
  characteristics

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Internal Changes-Girls

• When egg is released, enters fallopian tube (long
  structures that extend between ovary and uterus)
• Muscles in FT contract and move egg down to
  uterus (most important part)
• During pregnancy, uterus expands and holds baby

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Internal Changes-Girls

• During puberty, the uterus develops new blood
  vessels, which are capable of forming a
  cushioning sponge
• This lining goes through monthly changes called
  period or menstrual flow. (Explain more later)
• Cervix-lower part of the uterus.
• Cervix is a small muscular ring

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Internal Changes-Girls

• Cervix must be strong to keep closed during
  pregnancy
• Cervix stretches during delivery
• Bladder and urethra are not really part of
  reproductive system but is closely related

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Internal Changes-Girls

• Female has three openings
• 1. urethra
• 2. vagina
• 3. anus
• Male has two
• 1. urethra
• 2. anus

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Uniquely Male

• Erections

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Erections

• Occurs long before puberty
• Occurs in all males, including babies
• During erections, penis stiffens- no bone present
• Simply caused by blood flow
• Caused by various reasons

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Ejaculation

• Doesnt occur until one or two years after
  puberty
• Sign that the body is developing into a man
• Semen is released (3-6 ml)
• Semen is mixture of sperm, nutrients, and water
• Is accompanied by orgasm

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Ejaculation

• First experience of ejaculation is usually from
  masturbation
• This is normal!!!!!!!
• Some object to this Talk to your father or
  mother
• Wet dream-natural occurring event

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Uniquely Female
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Vaginal Responses

• During puberty, the cells in vagina become more
  active
• A whitish or pale fluid is produced to clean and
  keep the vagina healthy
• These fluids are also produced during times of
  excitement
• May also be produced during masturbation

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Menstrual Cycle

• Usually occurs around 14 yrs.
• Some have been as early as 8yrs.
• Only a small amount of blood is actually
• They are usually once a month

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Menstrual Cycle

• 3-6 days menstrual flow
• 21-28 days no flow
• 3-6 days menstrual flow
• 21-28 days no flow

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Menstrual Cycle

• Sometimes cramps accompany
• Sometimes severe pains accompany
• Mild and severe mood swings
• Sanitary pads or tampons are used to capture
  blood

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What is ovulation? When a young woman reaches
puberty, she begins to ovulate - a process in
which a mature egg cell (also called an ovum),
ready for fertilization by a sperm cell, is
released from one of the ovaries (two female
reproductive organs located in the pelvis). If
the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell as it
travels down the fallopian tube, then pregnancy
occurs and it becomes attached to the lining of
the uterus until the placenta (an organ, shaped
like a flat cake, that only grows during
pregnancy and provides a metabolic interchange
between the fetus and mother) develops. If the
egg does not become fertilized as it travels down
the fallopian tube on its way to the uterus, the
endometrium (lining of the uterus) is shed and
passes through the vagina (the passageway through
which fluid passes out of the body during
menstrual periods also called the birth canal),
a process called menstruation. As the average
menstrual cycle lasts 28 days (starting with the
first day of one period and ending with the first
day of the next menstrual period), most women
ovulate on day 14. At this time, some women
experience minor discomfort in their lower
abdomen, spotting, or bleeding, while others do
not experience any symptoms at all. A woman is
generally most fertile (able to become pregnant)
a few days before, during, and after ovulation.
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What is menstruation? Menstruation is one part of
a woman's menstrual cycle which includes the
shedding of the endometrium (lining of the
uterus) that occurs throughout a woman's
reproductive life. With each monthly (on average)
menstrual cycle, the endometrium prepares itself
to nourish a fetus, as increased levels of
estrogen and progesterone help to thicken its
walls. If fertilization does not occur, the
endometrium, coupled with blood and mucus from
the vagina and cervix (the lower, narrow part of
the uterus located between the bladder and the
rectum) make up the menstrual flow (also called
menses) that leaves the body through the vagina.