Creatine

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Creatine

• Trevor Powell
• Period 6

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Quiz Answer Key

• 1-B
• 2-A
• 3-B
• 4-D
• 5-B
• Score out of 5

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Basics about Creatine

• Creatine is a natural component of skeletal
  muscle.
• Found in meats, average intake is 1-2mg/day
• Discovered in 1835 by French scientist Chevreul
• Named after Greek word for flesh, Kraes
• First indication that creatine is necessary for
  muscular movement was that wild animals had
  ridiculously more then caged animals.
• Was found that not all creatine ingested came out
  in urine
• Synthetic creatine can be made
• Monohydrate salt, creatine monohydrate

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Creatines role in the body

• Creatine is found in amino acids
• Creatine is synthesized in the liver, pancreas
  and kidneys
• In the muscle, creatine is converted into
  phosphocreatine, which is necessary for ATP
  production.
• Creates waste products creatinine and
  dicyandiamide
• Pose no harmful risk to body in small amounts
• Series of reactions give muscles energy needed
  for movement
• Creatine supplements increase storage of fuel
  allowing muscles to work harder before becoming
  fatigued
• Can volumize muscle

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Synthetic Creatine

• Monohydrate Salt, Creatine monohydrate
• Molecule of Creatine molecule of water
• Muscle volumizing protein synthesis
• Used by athletes who want to increase their
  abilities
• Not evaluated by the FDA
• Price about 50 or more for a tub (30-60
  servings)
• Suggested use for neurodegenerative disorders,
  neuromuscular diseases, and even increase in
  brain power

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Short term studies

• Females given 20 g/day for 4 days, followed by 5
  g/day for 10 weeks showed increased muscle PCr
  concentrations by 6. Maximal strength of
  certain muscle groups increased by 25, fat-free
  mass increased by 60.
• Double-blind study provided 20 g/day of creatine
  for five days to sprinters and jumpers who jumped
  continuously for 45 seconds or ran continuously
  for 60 seconds. Their performance increased by
  7 for the first 15 seconds, 12 for the next 15
  seconds, and no improvement was shown for the
  final 15 seconds. There was 13 improvement for
  the runners.
• Double-blind study supplemented 18.75 g/day for
  five days prior, then 2.25 g/day during trials.
  The workouts included cycling until exhaustion
  using different protocols (1) nonstop, (2) one
  minute work, two minute rest, (3) 20 second work,
  40 second rest, (4) 10 second work, 20 second
  rest. All four categories improved
• Study of 81 patients with assorted neurological
  diseases found that giving 10 g/day for five
  days, then 5 g/day for another week increases
  their muscle strength by 10

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Potential Side Effects

• Long term effects unknown at this time
• French equivalent of FDA has said creatine poses
  cancer risk
• Dehydration
• Fluid retention
• Can possibly raise blood pressure
• Seizure
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

• Anxiety
• Myopathy
• Cardiac arrhythmia
• Deep vein thromboses
• Gastrointestinal distress
• Flatulence
• Contaminants
• Renal stress
• Muscle strains, cramps, tears

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Future of creatine?

• Pressure needs to be put on FDA to evaluate
• Will continue to be commercially available
• More studies need to be done to see if creatine
  can help people with certain diseases

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You decide