Socialization

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Socialization
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Socialization

• Learning to be human
• Learning elements of ones culture

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Socialization and the Self

• Self Sense of having a distinct identity of
  being apart from other people and things
• Personality Characteristic emotional, thought,
  and behavior patterns consistent over time

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Socialization and the Self

• Charles Horton Cooley
• Self is defined and developed through social
  interaction
• Looking-Glass Self
• Our image of ourselves is a reflection of how
  others react to us
• How we imagine others see us
• How we imagine they judge what they see
• How we feel about those judgments

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Socialization and the Self

• George Herbert Mead
• Imitation
• Infants mimic behavior
• Play stage
• Role-play significant others
• Game stage
• Take the roles of several others at once
• Generalized other Image of the structure, norms,
  values of society as a whole people in general

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Social Categorization

• Cognitive tool to define the self in the larger
  social world
• Ordering of social environment
• Groupings of people
• Makes sense to the individual
• Learned through socialization in various groups
  to which the individual belongs

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Social Categorization

• In-Groups
• We care about other peoples welfare
• We are willing to cooperate without demanding
  equal returns
• We dont like to be separated from
• Out-Groups
• We dont care about members welfare
• We cooperate only by demanding equal returns

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Social Categorization

• Social Identity
• Part of self-concept
• Includes
• Knowledge of a group membership
• Value and emotional significance of that group
  membership
• Inclusion vs. Differentiation
• Identity activation

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Agents of Socialization

• Individual, group, organization that influences
  behavior and sense of self
• Reference Group Group or social category that
  people use as a guide to develop values,
  attitudes, behavior, self-image
• Normative function
• Evaluative function

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Agents of Socialization Family

• First social world children encounter
• Parenting styles
• Authoritarian
• Permissive
• Authoritative

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Agents of Socialization School

• American students spend at least 180 days per
  year in school
• Directly teach culture
• Indirectly socialize (through textbooks,
  classes) introduce to large organizations
• Anticipatory Socialization Learning about,
  practicing new role before one is in a position
  to play the role

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Agents of Socialization Peers

• Children create a private peer culture
• Themes
• Sharing and social participation
• Dealing with fears and conflicts
• Resisting adult rules and authority

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Agents of Socialization Mass Media

• Forms of communication that reach large numbers
  of people
• Television
• Virtually all U.S. households have TVs
• Media violence

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Socialization in Adulthood

• Total Institutions
• Desocialization
• Resocialization

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Socialization in Adulthood

• Total Institutions
• Desocialization
• Resocialization
• Occupational Socialization