Sin ttulo de diapositiva

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Clean Air Santiago experience
Gianni López Executive Director National
Environment Commission of Chile Latin American
and Caribean CAI President
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Santiago de Chile
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THERMAL INVERSION
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(No Transcript)
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SANTIAGO
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Santiago de Chile
40km
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Description of Santiago

• POPULATION 6,000,000
• ACTIVITY LEVELS
• 900,000 cars
• 10,000 buses
• 30,000 trucks
• 50,000 taxis
• 5,000 industrial sources

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MAIN AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS

• HIGH LEVELS OF
• PM 10 and PM 2.5
• OZONE

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standar
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SANTIAGOAir Quality progress
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Its possible the Sustainable Development ?
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Fine and coarse modes trends 1989-2001
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Summary
NOW
10 YEARS AGO
14.000
buses
7.500
buses
Buses
15
years
in
average
5
years
in
average
Diesel
5000
ppm sulfur
300
ppm sulfur
Gasolines
All leaded
All unleaded
Light
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conventionals
100
conventionals
Vehicles
75
cathalitics
Wood
,
coal

and
Natural Gas
and
Industry
heavy
diesel
oil

City
Diesel (300
ppm
)
Electric
Coal
Natural Gas
Generation
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What will drive smart air quality
change? Daniel Greenbaum, Health Effects
Inst.

• Public health drive the change.

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In adition Our experience says (as in others
cities) that public awareness of health issues
produces the change.
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Santiago experience

• We started in 1989 with air quality monitoring
• Since 1990 we provided information to the media
• At the same time, we started to declare high
  pollution episodes when the PM10 daily average
  reached 240 ugrs/m3.
• After that, it was not necessary to request
  political support.

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Air quality monitoring network
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Public awareness of health issues
4,000 chilean people will die!
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www.conamarm.cl
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Santiago experience

• Addressing air pollution control, is a
  responsability of a democratic government
• People have the right to known the quality of the
  air they are breathing
• After this, we will begin with technical
  considerations
• In developing countries is necessary to use the
  best available information and analises for
  decision making, because resources are limited
  and is necessary to avoid negative impact on
  economic growth.

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Main Information used in Santiago

• Air quality monitoring
• Personal exposure
• PM10 Physical-chemical caracterization
• Emmissions inventories
• Dispersion conditions
• Dispersion Models
• Cost benefit

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Personal Sampler
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Indoor, outdoor and personal exposure
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Anthropogenic Responsability on PM10 Inmissions
PM10 CHARACTERIZATION
Emission Inventory
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Anthropogenic Responsability on PM10 Inmissions
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Dispersion Model
Georeferential Model PM10 Dispersion Model May -
June 2000
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PM10 GOALS
Preemergency level 240 ug/m3
Alert level 195 ug/m3
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Actions efectiveness (tons/year)
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Cost/ Benefits Action Plan 2001-2005 for
Santiago
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18 measures of High Impact (2001-2005)with a
Technological Perspective
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Tradable emmissions permits
Nox Replace diesel bus fleets With electric or
natural gas Dust Forestation Programs
Since 1998 New sources must compensate 150 of
their emmissions
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Compensation requierements in the Metropolitan
Region
Boilers MP
New sources MP-NOx-SOx-CO-COV
Allocated Nox permits for boilers and industrial
processes Allocated PM10 permits for industrial
processes
Allocated NOx-MP10 permits for public buses

• Allocated NOx-MP10 permits for cars

Compensation requierements for domestic heating
systems
1992
1998
2002
2003
2004
2005
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COMPLEMENTARY FUNDING INSTRUMENTS CAN
MAKE POLLUTION CONTROL PROJECTS PROFITABLE
LOCAL TRADABLE PERMITS SYSTEM
to profit Pollution control project
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
OTHERS FUNDING SOURCES
Private Available
CO - BENEFITS
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SANTIAGO EXPERIENCE CAN BE USED TO
STRENGTHEN THE CLEAN AIR INITIATIVE
Clean Air Initiative in Latin American Cities
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FOR CAI Member cities

• Buenos Aires
• Lima-Callao
• Santiago (presidency)
• Mexico City
• Río de Janeiro
• San Pablo
• Bogotá

A TWO-YEAR WORK PLAN WITH CONCRETE GOALS WAS
DEFINED
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Work Plan 2002-2003

• CREATION OF AN INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE
• INFRASTRUCTURE
• Follow-up and Assessment of Health Effects
  Program
• Emission Factors for LAC
• Emission Inventories for any city

• ENCOURAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSION
• REDUCTION ALETRNATIVES
• Pilot and demostrative programs of new
  technologies
• Economical and technical characterization of
  emission reduction
• alternatives, including new technologies
• Info pool update
• Vehicle Inspection Training Program

• LAYING THE FOUNDATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN AIR
• QUALITY MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY
• Extended Network from cities to others
  Instituions with regional and
• international expertise in technical-academic
  matters
• Improve the comunication capabilities

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Acknowledgments GTZ JICA SIDA WB
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glopez_at_conama.cl

• WEBSITES
• www.conama.cl
• www.worldbank.org/wbi/cleanair/

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(No Transcript)