Systeme assesment of institutional problems of small NPP deployment

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Systeme assesment of institutional problems of
small NPP deployment

• Institutional aspects of management of
  large-scale deployment of small and medium
  nuclear power plants
• T.D. Shchepetina
• RRC KI, Moscow, Russia

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• the issues of energy supplies to assure
  sustainable development (primarily the developing
  nations) would/could be solved in particular with
  the use of nuclear energy based on small and
  medium NPPs

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Why the proposed subject is necessary?

• 1) Many countries and regions express
  intentions to have SNPPs (Alaska, Argentina,
  Jordan, Indonesia, Chile, Libya, Egypt and
  others)
• Russia alone needs about 20 GWe of SNPP
  capacity

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2)

• world community accumulated over 50 years of
  nuclear energy experience
• Russia 6000 reactor-years - the operation
  experience of small nuclear power facilities (10
  GWe total capacity)
• thirteen countries have about 60 innovative SMNPP
  projects

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3)

• If the demand of SMNPPs would not be met in the
  countries having no nuclear experience and
  traditions, this market could form spontaneously
  and with unpredictable consequences

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The basic characteristic features of mobile
SNPPs

• a completely-factory-ready state as a nuclear
  battery
• an assigned definite lifetime
• transportable to another site
• long-term autonomous operation
• different capacity ranges
• possibility of siting close to consumer
• intrinsic self-protection
• simple operation and decommissioning
• ecology safe.

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Multi-purpose SMNPPs

• seawater desalination
• secondary energy carriers (hydrogen, coal
  gasification)
• synthetic motor fuels
• hot water/steam
• improvement of consumer quality of hydrocarbons
• agricultural production using phytodromes
• seafood culture and processing
• mining and in-depth processing of mineral
  resources.
• fast assistant at emergency

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INPRO Methodology instrument of holistic
investigation - was developed in view of

• - for deployment of a nuclear energy system (NES)
  meeting the principles of sustainable
  development
• - avoiding virtually insolvable issues on the way
  of innovative nuclear energy development.

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INPRO - project implementation potential is a
closed chain (all links of which should be
equally strong)
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The least developed area is Infrastructure

• each project was analyzed in two versions as a
  single unit, and as a unit intended for
  large-scale serial deployment

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Infrastructure

• industry technology basis, i.e. NPPs with a
  material and technical basis of their lifecycle
  support

• institutional, economic legislative medium,
  i.e. a system of laws, guarantees, personnel
  training, etc.

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?nalysis using the INPRO Methodology allowed the
conclusion - available infrastructure
especially its institutional component is
insufficient

• SNPPs require a new regulatory legal basis,
• there are other site requirements
• to adapt economic instruments
• serious social policy and public information
  programs are needed

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SNPP situation is complex, because

• - in the next decades these plants would not only
  be in increasing demand, but their production
  capabilities would grow in different countries,
• - risk of no serious (i.e. non-ritual or
  politically correct) attention to safety culture,
  non-proliferation and due radwaste management
• - So the consequences of non-system use of SNPPs
  could to slow down the development of the whole
  nuclear energy.

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difficulties on the way of SNPPs large-scale
deployment

• Insufficient industrial basis
• No economic mechanism
• No international agreements and international
  legislative basis
• No technologies and enterprises to assure
  reliable fuel supplies and for SNF management
• No acceptable technological solutions for
  decommissioning.

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All these problems have an infrastructural
character

• Without their solution, the process of SNPP
  development, fabrication and use may take
  somewhat spontaneous character with the risk to
  generate serious issues in connection with their
  decommissioning, SNF and radwaste management

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These institutional mechanisms, in the first
turn, include the establishment of

• agreements in the framework of the international
  nuclear law
• legal and technical standards
• necessary economic relations.

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Possible financial and economic mechanisms

• BOOT - Build-Own-Operate-Transfer
• BOT - Build-Operate-Transfer
• Reverse BOOT
• BOO - Build-Own-Operate
• Leasing.

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Not to aggravate the global serious anxiety in
connection with therisks introduced by the
nuclear energy development!

• to foresee in advance various institutional
  regulatory mechanisms
• to canalize the possible spontaneous nuclear
  energy development in the controlled framework.

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?he absence of technical infrastructure on
Consumer sites couldnt be considered as an
obstacle, since This problem could be solved by
financial investments, while institutional
issues would require intellect to be invested and
non-traditional ways to be looked for
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Priority tasks

• The basic task is to regularize the relations,
  which would arise in case of SMNPP introduction.
• necessary to develop acceptable for all
  procedures , allowing common Producer/Consumer
  interfacing
• (not only laws are needed, but also mechanisms
  assuring the observance of laws).

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Basic activity areas

• Develop a set of general requirements for
  S?NPPs
• Institutional support of all SMNPP lifecycle
  stages
• establishment of international centers of
  licensing, certification, standardization and
  insurance
• Develop certification, licensing, insurance and
  custom procedures
• Develop liability mechanisms, systems of measures
  and safeguards
• Organizing forms and mechanisms of the economic
  interface
• Organizing forms of legal support of deals
  involving SMNPPs

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