14 Society, Nationality, Culture in the Thirties

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14 Society, Nationality, Culture in the Thirties
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Overview

• Major Themes
• Demography
• Dynamics of Social Change
• New Social Hierarchy
• Nationalities
• Cultural Revolution and Cultural Construction

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A. Major Themes

• Myth of restoration purported resumption of
  Russian cultural, norms over revolutionary
  visions.
• Demographic revolution (stunting of rural growth,
  high rates of urbanization) and its social and
  economic repercussions.
• Social engineering zigzags in policy, formation
  of new social hierarchy.
• From indigenization to Sovietization.
• From cultural revolution to cultural construction.

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B. Demography

• Data problems
• Slowed growth patterns and explanations
• Urbanization
• Women and Family policy
• Social and economic implications

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Urbanization in the USSR
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Stalin and Womens Equality
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Male Worker, Female Peasant
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Women Careers in Aviation (1931)
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1936 Glorifying Motherhood
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Women, Tractors, Child Care
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1940 Children and Family IDeal
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C. Dynamics of Social Change

• Purges and terror
• Industrialization
• Collectivization
• Education
• De-egaligarianism wage differentials vs.
  uranilovka (leveling)

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D. New Social Hierarchy

• Intelligentsia persecution to privilege
• Workers growth, disciplining, stratification,
  standard of living
• Peasants leveling, re-enserfment, flight,
  plotomania, productive nihilism
• Forced labor

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Complex Social Hierarchies
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Stalin Celebrates Stakhanovites
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Stakhanov with his new car
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Stakhanovites 1936
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Model Poster to Honor Local Stakhanovites
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E. Nationalities

• Results of nation-building in the 1920s
• Key problems
• The slow turn
• Case studies
• Ukraine
• Birobidzhan
• Central Asia

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Birobidzhan Worker and local paper (1935)
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Birobidzhan Furniture Factory (1934)
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Birobidzhan Jewish Kaganovich Theater
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1937 Chukchi Urged To Vote
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Uzbekistan Comrades Courts
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Deveiling Women in Uzbekistan (1936)
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F. Cultural Revolution and Cultural Construction

• Cultural revolution of 1928-32
• Cultural construction in the Thirties
• Education
• Arts and literature
• Science and scholarship
• Religion

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Rebuilding Moscow Demolition of the Christ the
Savior Cathedral
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Moscow Palace of Soviets in lieu of Cathedral
(1935 sketch)
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Palace of Soviets (interior view)
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New Avenue to Palace of Soviets