BCM 410A lecture 1

1
BCM 410A - lecture 1

• Drugs - ethanol
• Dwarfism
• Myocardial infarction
• Aspirin

2
BCM 410A - vital statistics
3
Welcome to BCM 410A
4
Welcome to BCM 410A
5
Welcome to BCM 410A
6
Welcome to BCM 410A
7
Welcome to BCM 410A
office hours noon - 1245 pm and 430 -
530 pm
8
Welcome to BCM 410A
office hours noon - 1245 pm and 430 -
530 pm office room 4125 MS1A
9
Welcome to BCM 410A
office hours noon - 1245 pm and 430 -
530 pm office room 4125 MS1A telephone 752-357
0
10
Welcome to BCM 410A
office hours noon - 1245 pm and 430 -
530 pm office room 4125 MS1A telephone 752-357
0 email hrmatthews_at_ucdavis.edu
11
Welcome to BCM 410A
office hours noon - 1245 pm and 430 -
530 pm office room 4125 MS1A telephone 752-357
0 email hrmatthews_at_ucdavis.edu reviews Tuesdays,
500 pm, 2428/30
12
Welcome to BCM 410A
office hours noon - 1245 pm and 430 -
530 pm office room 4125 MS1A telephone 752-357
0 email hrmatthews_at_ucdavis.edu reviews Tuesdays,
500 pm, 2428/30 study aids MoBy
13
Welcome to BCM 410A
office hours noon - 1245 pm and 430 -
530 pm office room 4125 MS1A telephone 752-357
0 email hrmatthews_at_ucdavis.edu reviews Tuesdays,
500 pm, 2428/30 study aids MoBy lecture
slides
14
Welcome to BCM 410A
office hours noon - 1245 pm and 430 -
530 pm office room 4125 MS1A telephone 752-357
0 email hrmatthews_at_ucdavis.edu reviews Tuesdays,
500 pm, 2428/30 study aids MoBy lecture
slides WWW sites http//moby.ucdavis.edu
15
Welcome to BCM 410A
office hours noon - 1245 pm and 430 - 530 pm
office room 4125 MS1A telephone [phone] email
hrmatthews_at_ucdavis.edu reviews Tuesdays, 500
pm, 2428/30 study aids MoBy lecture slides
WWW sites http//moby.ucdavis.edu http//medts
tgo.ucdavis. edu/Resource.htm
16
The body works at the molecular level

• Our food is broken down to small molecules before
  use by the body
• Organs and cells communicate through molecules
  circulating in the blood streamhormones
• Molecules can have dramatic effectsdrugs
• Energy is stored (glycogen, fat),
  transported (triglycerides, glucose) used
  (ATP) at the molecular level.

17
Molecules are organized into cells
18
Molecules are organized into cells
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Golgi complex
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
nucleolus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
vesicle
plasma membrane
Golgi complex a structure where proteins are
processed and sorted on their way to other
organelles or to the exterior of the cell.
19
Molecules are organized into cells
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Golgi complex
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
nucleolus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
vesicle
plasma membrane
Nucleus a separate compartment containing the
DNAand the processes of RNA and DNA synthesis
20
Molecules are organized into cells
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Golgi complex
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
nucleolus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
vesicle
plasma membrane
Mitochondria structures involved in the
synthesis ofATP to provide energy for the cell
21
Molecules are organized into cells
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Golgi complex
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
nucleolus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
vesicle
plasma membrane
Nuclear envelope the membrane that separates the
nucleus from the cytoplasm Cytoplasm the
solution between the plasma membrane and the
other organelles
22
Molecules are organized into cells
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Golgi complex
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
nucleolus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
vesicle
plasma membrane
Plasma membrane the membrane that separates the
interior of the cell from its exterior
23
Molecules are organized into cells
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Golgi complex
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
nucleolus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
vesicle
plasma membrane
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasmic
membrane structure
24
Molecules are organized into cells
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Golgi complex
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
nucleolus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
vesicle
plasma membrane
Ribosomes macromolecular complexes that
synthesize proteins
25
Molecules are organized into cells
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Golgi complex
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
nucleolus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
vesicle
plasma membrane
Pore complex pores in the nuclear membrane that
allow small molecules to pass but regulate the
passsage of large molecules
26
Molecules are organized into cells
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Golgi complex
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
nucleolus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
vesicle
plasma membrane
Nucleolus a structure inside the nucleus where
specific RNA molecules are synthesized
27
Molecules are organized into cells
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Golgi complex
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
nucleolus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
vesicle
plasma membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum regions of the
endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) that are coated with
ribosomes
28
Molecules are organized into cells
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
Golgi complex
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
nucleolus
mitochondrion
rough endoplasmicreticulum
nuclear envelope
vesicle
plasma membrane
Vesicle a variety of additional structures in
the cytoplasm used for storage or transport or
specialized enzyme reactions, e.g. lysozomes,
peroxisomes
29
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the pancreas
Note plasma membrane
30
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the pancreas
Note plasma membrane mitochondria
31
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the pancreas
Note plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus
32
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the pancreas
Note plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus nucleol
us
33
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the pancreas
Note plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus nucleol
us endoplasmic reticulum
34
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the pancreas
Note plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus nucleol
us endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex
35

human lymphocyte
???????????
????? ?????
?????? ???????
?????
???????? ??????????
36
Cells are organized into organs
Note 3 organ systems in picture (a) i)
endocrine gland ii) blood stream iii) target
organ
37
Cells are organized into organs
Note 3 organ systems in picture (b) i)
neurosecretory cells ii) blood stream iii)
target organ
Neurosecretorycells
hormone molecules
(b)
38
Myocardial infarction
Creatine kinase (CK) activity in the blood after
a myocardial infarction
days after infarction
39
Clinical correlate - dwarfism
growth hormone
A defect in the pituitary can lead to inadequate
production of growth hormone. Children with this
disease grow very slowly but injections of human
growth hormone restore normal growth.
40
Aspirin - a clinically valuablesmall molecule
acetyl salicylate
acetyl group
41
Aspirin - a clinically valuablesmall molecule
prostaglandin synthase
inflammation
42
Aspirin - a clinically valuablesmall molecule
prostaglandin synthase
enzyme - NH2
acetyl salicylate
enzyme - NH - CO - CH3
acetylated prostaglandin synthase
salicylate
43
Aspirin - a clinically valuablesmall molecule
prostaglandin synthase
inflammation
enzyme - NH2
enzyme - NH - CO - CH3
acetylated prostaglandin synthase
44
Aspirin - a clinically valuablesmall molecule
prostaglandin synthase
inflammation
enzyme - NH2
acetyl salicylate
enzyme - NH - CO - CH3
acetylated prostaglandin synthase
salicylate
45
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules

• methyl groups
• hydroxyl groups
• carbonyl groups
• carboxyl groups
• amino groups

46
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules
methyl groups hydroxyl groups carbonyl
groups carboxyl groups amino groups
-CH3
CH3-CH2-OH ethanol
47
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules
methyl groups hydroxyl groups carbonyl
groups carboxyl groups amino groups
-OH
CH3-CH2-OH ethanol
48
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules
methyl groups hydroxyl groups carbonyl
groups carboxyl groups amino groups
aldehyde
-CO
ketone
49
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules
-COO-
methyl groups hydroxyl groups carbonyl
groups carboxyl groups amino groups
50
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules
methyl groups hydroxyl groups carbonyl
groups carboxyl groups amino groups
-NH
2
51
Small molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules

• sugars
• fatty acids
• amino acids
• nucleotides

52
Small molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules
sugars fatty acids amino acids nucleotides
53
Small molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules
sugars fatty acids amino acids nucleotides
A hydrocarbon chain with a distinct head group,
in this case a carboxyl group.
stearic acid
54
Small molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules
sugars fatty acids amino acids nucleotides
55
Small molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules
sugars fatty acids amino acids nucleotides
adenosine-5-triphosphate
switch to MoBy
56
Biological Macromolecules
branch
main chain
crosslink
57
BCM 410A - lecture 1

• Drugs - ethanol
• Dwarfism
• Myocardial infarction
• Aspirin