EXPRESSING THE FUTURE

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• EXPRESSING THE FUTURE
• The Simple Present Tense
• Announcements, timetables, schedules, organized
  events. Commonly used verbs begin, depart,
  arrive, open, close.
• e.g. The school starts on Monday.
• The train leaves at five.
• The Present Continuous Tense
• When we want to express the future using this
  tense, time must be mentioned. Otherwise we could
  confuse present and future.
• Definite arrangement
• e.g. Bob and Bill are meeting tonight.

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• b) With verbs of movement (arrive, come, drive,
  travel, leave, go), position (stay, remain) and
  have, do it can express a decision or plan
  without definite arrangement.
• e.g. What are you doing on Saturday?
• BE GOING TO
• Form Present continuous of the verb TO GO full
  infinitive
• e.g. Im going to buy a bicycle.
• Uses
• Intention in the near future (less formal than
  will)
• Prediction
• e.g. Look at the clouds. Its going to rain.

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• TO BE INFINITIVE
• Uses
• Orders and instructions (impersonal way of giving
  instructions)
• e.g. You are to stay here, Tom.
• Stay here, Tom.
• b) Conveying a plan
• e.g. She is to be married next month.
• BE ABOUT INFINITIVE
• Uses
• Immediate future
• e.g. They are about to start.

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• FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
• Will/shall bare infinitive
• SHALL
• Question tags
• e.g. Lets go. Shall we?
• Suggestions
• e.g. Shall we take a taxi?
• Request for orders information
• e.g. What shall I do with your mail?

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• Expressing the speakers opinions, assumptions,
  speculations about the future.
• Introduced by verbs such as believe, expect,
  hope, know, suppose or adverbs perhaps,
  possibly, probably
• e.g. Perhaps he will come back.
• Difference.
• e.g. He will build a house.
• e.g. He is going to build a house.
• b) Future habitual actions
• e.g. Spring will come again.
• Birds will build nests.

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• c) With the verbs not normally used in the
  continuous forms (senses, thinking, possession).
• e.g. They will know tonight.
• d) WONT may express a negative intention. I/we
  will can express an intention if we emphasise it.
• e.g. He wont go there, whatever you say.
• I will do that, no matter what you say.

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• THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
• Form Future Simple of to be present participle
• Uses
• With a point of time, expressing an action that
  starts before that time and probably continues
  after it
• e.g. This time tomorrow she will be sitting at
  the same place.
• b) Future without intention
• e.g. I will be helping Mary tomorrow.
• c) Polite enquiries
• e.g. Will you be staying in this evening.

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• THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
• Will/shall perfect infinitive
• Normally used with time expressions beginning
  with BY.
• By then, by that time, by the 24th
• e.g. By the end of next month we will have been
  here for five years.
• Used for the action which at a given future time
  will be in the past, or will just have finished.
• e.g. I save 50 a month and I started in January.
  So by the end of the year I will/shall have saved
  600.

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• THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
• Will/shall have been present participle
• Also with time expressions beginning with by.
• We use it instead of the future perfect tense for
• Continuous actions
• e.g. By the end of this month I will have been
  living/working here for ten years.
• Note
• By the end of this month I will have been
  climbing mountains for 6 years.
• By the end of this month I will have climbed 70
  mountains.