culture

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germany
literature
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- Info -
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- culture -
Since Germany didnt exist as one nation for a
long time, the german culture defined itself over
the centuries by its common language. Only during
the 19th century did it define itself through
germans or through cultural contributions in
german territories. Thats why many cultural
icons of the time werent considered as germans,
like today, but there can be no mistaking their
german identities. Alot of famous representatives
of german culture and science were being pursued
for both political and religious reasons, causing
them to flee the country. Examples are Karl Marx,
Friedrich Engels, Heinrich Heine, Kurt Tucholsky,
Thomas and Heinrich Mann, Albert Einstein and
many more. Since there was hardly any national
identity before 1871, the cultural and scientific
heritage was an important factor for german
localisation. The term Country of poets and
thinkers stems out of this time, that still is
used to emphasise patriotism. At the beginning of
the 20th century Germany was one of the leading
nations in science, but also in culture. Due to
national socialism this status was bled dry, as
many fled the country. The consequences can still
be felt in some parts. The Goethe-institute is
responsible for disseminating german language and
culture throughout the world with 128 branches.
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- Music -
In the field of music, Germany can show numerous
famous classical composers. The most famous are
Johann Sebastian Bach, the actual founder of
german classic music, Ludwig van Beethoven from
Bonn, and also Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart from
Salzburg. Other world famous composers are Robert
Schumann, Richard Wagner, Johannes Brahms,
Richard Strauss, Georg Philipp Telemann, Max
Reger, Carl Orff, Paul Hindemith and Hans Werner
Henze. The german music market is the 4th largest
in the world, and also influenced pop and
rockmusic through artists such as Herbert
Grönemeyer, Nena, Dieter Bohlen and Xavier
Naidoo. German bands such as Kraftwerk were
important pioneers for electronic music. The
german gothic-scene is internationally famous.
Ludwig van Beethoven (17701827)
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- painting -
Famous artists of the renaissance are Albrecht
Altdorfer, Lucas Cranach senior, Mathias
Grünewald, whose most famous piece is the altar
of Schongau, Hans Holbein junior and Albrecht
Dürer. The most important icons of the baroque
are Cosmas Damian Asam and Peter Paul Rubens, who
was born in Siegen, but emigrated to Antwerpen.
Other famous artists are the romantic Caspar
David Friedrich, the surrealist Max Ernst, the
conceptualist Joseph Beuys or the
neoexpressionist Georg Baselitz.
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- Literature -
German literature goes back to medieval times.
Walther von der Vogelweide and Wolfram von
Eschenbach are 2 representatives of the time. The
Niebelungenlied, whose author is unknown, is also
an important contribution to german literature.
Some of the most important authors are Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller,
Friedrich Hölderlim, Heinrich Heine and the
Brothers Grimm. In the 20th century, Nobelprize
winner for literature Theodor Mommsen (1902),
Paul Heyse (1910), Thomas Mann (1929), Hermann
Hesse (1946), Heinrich Böll (1972) and Günter
Grass (1999). Other important authors are
Gottfried Benn, Bertolt Brecht and Arno Schmidt.
Some of the most influential philosophers are
Gottfried Willhelm Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, Georg
Willhelm Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, Arthur
Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche and Martin
Heidegger.
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brandenburg gate
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television tower
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Charlottenburg castle