Title: Exploring Marketing Research William G. Zikmund
1Exploring Marketing ResearchWilliam G. Zikmund
- Chapter 9
- Survey Research
- Basic Communication Methods
2Surveys
- Surveys as a respondent for information using
verbal or written questioning
3Communicating with Respondents
- Personal interviews
- Door-to-door
- Shopping mall intercepts
- Telephone interviews
- Self-administered questionnaires
4Personal Interviews
5- Good Afternoon, my name is
- _________. I am with _________
- survey research company. We are conducting a
survey on_________
6Door-to-Door Personal Interview
- Speed of data collection
- Moderate to fast
- Geographical flexibility
- Limited to moderate
- Respondent cooperation
- Excellent
- Versatility of questioning
- Quite versatile
7Door-to-Door Personal Interview
- Questionnaire length
- Long
- Item nonresponse
- Low
- Possibility of respondent misunderstanding
- Lowest
8Door-to-Door Personal Interview
- Degree of interviewer influence of answer
- High
- Supervision of interviewers
- Moderate
- Anonymity of respondent
- Low
9Door-to-Door Personal Interview
- Ease of call back or follow-up
- Difficult
- Cost
- Highest
- Special features
- Visual materials may be shown or demonstrated
extended probing possible
10Mall Intercept Personal Interview
- Speed of data collection
- Fast
- Geographical flexibility
- Confined, urban bias
- Respondent cooperation
- Moderate to low
- Versatility of questioning
- Extremely versatile
11Mall Intercept Personal Interview
- Speed of Data Collection
- Fast
- Geographical Flexibility
- Confined, urban bias
- Respondent Cooperation
- Moderate to low
- Versatility of Questioning
- Extremely versatile
12Mall Intercept Personal Interview
- Questionnaire length
- Moderate to long
- Item nonresponse
- Medium
- Possibility of respondent misunderstanding
- Lowest
13Mall Intercept Personal Interview
- Degree of interviewer influence of answers
- Highest
- Supervision of interviewers
- Moderate to high
- Anonymity of respondent
- Low
14Mall Intercept Personal Interview
- Ease of call back or follow-up
- Difficult
- Cost
- Moderate to high
- Special features
- Taste test, viewing of TV commercials possible
15Telephone Surveys
16Telephone Surveys
- Speed of Data Collection
- Very fast
- Geographical Flexibility
- High
- Respondent Cooperation
- Good
- Versatility of Questioning
- Moderate
17Telephone Surveys
- Questionnaire Length
- Moderate
- Item Nonresponse
- Medium
- Possibility of Respondent Misunderstanding
- Average
- Degree of Interviewer Influence of Answer
- Moderate
18Telephone Surveys
- Supervision of interviewers
- High, especially with central location WATS
interviewing - Anonymity of respondent
- Moderate
- Ease of call back or follow-up
- Easy
19Telephone Surveys
- Cost
- Low to moderate
- Special features
- Fieldwork and supervision of data collection are
simplified quite adaptable to computer technology
20Telephone Surveys
- Central location interviewing
- Computer-assisted telephone interviewing
- Computerized voice-activated interviews
21Most Unlisted Markets
- Sacramento, CA
- Oakland, CA
- Fresno, CA
- Los Angles/Long Beach, CA
22The Frame, November 2001 Published by Survey
Sampling, Inc.
23Self-Administered Questionnaires
24Mail Surveys
25Mail Surveys
- Speed of data collection
- Researcher has no control over return of
questionnaire slow - Geographical flexibility
- High
- Respondent cooperation
- Moderate--poorly designed questionnaire will have
low response rate
26Mail Surveys
- Versatility of questioning
- Highly standardized format
- Questionnaire length
- Varies depending on incentive
- Item nonresponse
- High
27Mail Surveys
- Possibility of respondent misunderstanding
- Highest--no interviewer present for clarification
- Degree of interviewer influence of answer
- None--interviewer absent
- Supervision of interviewers
- Not applicable
28Mail Surveys
- Anonymity of respondent
- High
- Ease of call back or follow-up
- Easy, but takes time
- Cost
- Lowest
29How to Increase Response Rates for Mail Surveys
- Write a sales oriented cover letter
- Money helps
- - As a token of appreciation
- - For a charity
- Stimulate respondents interest with
interesting questions - Follow Up
- - Keying questionnaires with codes
- Advanced notification
- Sponsorship by a well-known and prestigious
institution
30Increasing Response Rates
- Effective cover letter
- Money helps
- Interesting questions
- Follow-ups
- Advanced notification
- Survey sponsorship
- Keying questionnaires
31E-Mail Questionnaire Surveys
- Speed of data collection
- Instantaneous
- Geographic flexibility
- worldwide
- Cheaper distribution and processing costs
32E-Mail Questionnaire Surveys
- Flexible, but
- Extensive differences in the capabilities of
respondents computers and e-mail software limit
the types of questions and the layout - E-mails are not secure and eavesdropping can
possibly occur - Respondent cooperation
- Varies depending if e-mail is seen as spam
33Internet Surveys
- A self-administered questionnaire posted on a Web
site. - Respondents provide answers to questions
displayed online by highlighting a phrase,
clicking an icon, or keying in an answer.
34(No Transcript)
35Internet Surveys
- Speed of data collection
- Instantaneous
- Cost effective
- Geographic flexibility
- worldwide
- Visual and interactive
36Internet Surveys
- Respondent cooperation
- Varies depending on web site
- Varies depending on type of sample
- When user does not opt-in or expect a voluntary
survey cooperation is low. - Self-selection problems in web site visitation
surveys - participants tend to be more deeply
involved than the average person.
37Internet Surveys
- Versatility of questioning
- Extremely versatile
- Questionnaire length
- Individualized base on respondent answers
- Longer questionnaires with panel samples
- Item nonresponse
- Software can assure none
38Internet Surveys
- Representative samples
- The quality of internet samples may vary
substantially. - A sample of those who visit a web page and
voluntarily fill out a questionnaires can have
self-selection error.
39Internet Surveys
- 1) not all individuals in the general public have
internet access - 2) many respondents lack powerful computers with
high-speed connections to the internet - 3) many respondents computer skills will be
relatively unsophisticated.
40Internet Surveys
- Possibility for respondent misunderstanding
- High
- Interviewer influence of answers
- None
- Supervision of interviewers not required
41Internet Surveys
- Anonymity of Respondent
- Respondent can be anonymous or known
- Ease of Callback or Follow-up
- difficult unless e-mail address is known
- Special Features
- allows graphics and streaming media
42Welcome Screen
- Welcome Screen like a cover letter
- It contains the name of the research company and
how to contact the organization if there is a
problem or concern. - "If you have any concerns or questions about this
survey, or if you experience any technical
difficulties, please contact (NAME OF RESEARCH
ORGANIZATION).
43Welcome Screen should ask for password and give
instructions
- Please enter your personal password from your
invitation.Then, press the "enter" key to begin
the survey or simply click on the right arrow at
the bottom of the page to begin the survey (after
you have read the remaining instructions) - During the survey, please do not use your
browser's FORWARD and BACK buttons. - Use the arrows on the lower right to move
backward and forward through the survey.
44There is no best form of survey each has
advantages and disadvantages.
45Selected Questions to Determine the Appropriate
Technique
- Is the assistance of an interviewer necessary?
- Are respondents interested in the issues being
investigated? - Will cooperation be easily attained?
46Selected Questions to Determine the Appropriate
Technique
- How quickly is the information needed?
- Will the study require a long and complex
questionnaire? - How large is the budget?
47Pretesting
- A trial run with a group of respondents to iron
out fundamental problems in the instructions of
survey design
48Practice is the best of all instructors.
Publius Syrus