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Exploring Marketing Research William G. Zikmund

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When user does not opt-in or expect a voluntary survey cooperation is low. Self-selection problems in web site visitation surveys - participants tend to be ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Exploring Marketing Research William G. Zikmund


1
Exploring Marketing ResearchWilliam G. Zikmund
  • Chapter 9
  • Survey Research
  • Basic Communication Methods

2
Surveys
  • Surveys as a respondent for information using
    verbal or written questioning

3
Communicating with Respondents
  • Personal interviews
  • Door-to-door
  • Shopping mall intercepts
  • Telephone interviews
  • Self-administered questionnaires

4
Personal Interviews
5
  • Good Afternoon, my name is
  • _________. I am with _________
  • survey research company. We are conducting a
    survey on_________

6
Door-to-Door Personal Interview
  • Speed of data collection
  • Moderate to fast
  • Geographical flexibility
  • Limited to moderate
  • Respondent cooperation
  • Excellent
  • Versatility of questioning
  • Quite versatile

7
Door-to-Door Personal Interview
  • Questionnaire length
  • Long
  • Item nonresponse
  • Low
  • Possibility of respondent misunderstanding
  • Lowest

8
Door-to-Door Personal Interview
  • Degree of interviewer influence of answer
  • High
  • Supervision of interviewers
  • Moderate
  • Anonymity of respondent
  • Low

9
Door-to-Door Personal Interview
  • Ease of call back or follow-up
  • Difficult
  • Cost
  • Highest
  • Special features
  • Visual materials may be shown or demonstrated
    extended probing possible

10
Mall Intercept Personal Interview
  • Speed of data collection
  • Fast
  • Geographical flexibility
  • Confined, urban bias
  • Respondent cooperation
  • Moderate to low
  • Versatility of questioning
  • Extremely versatile

11
Mall Intercept Personal Interview
  • Speed of Data Collection
  • Fast
  • Geographical Flexibility
  • Confined, urban bias
  • Respondent Cooperation
  • Moderate to low
  • Versatility of Questioning
  • Extremely versatile

12
Mall Intercept Personal Interview
  • Questionnaire length
  • Moderate to long
  • Item nonresponse
  • Medium
  • Possibility of respondent misunderstanding
  • Lowest

13
Mall Intercept Personal Interview
  • Degree of interviewer influence of answers
  • Highest
  • Supervision of interviewers
  • Moderate to high
  • Anonymity of respondent
  • Low

14
Mall Intercept Personal Interview
  • Ease of call back or follow-up
  • Difficult
  • Cost
  • Moderate to high
  • Special features
  • Taste test, viewing of TV commercials possible

15
Telephone Surveys
16
Telephone Surveys
  • Speed of Data Collection
  • Very fast
  • Geographical Flexibility
  • High
  • Respondent Cooperation
  • Good
  • Versatility of Questioning
  • Moderate

17
Telephone Surveys
  • Questionnaire Length
  • Moderate
  • Item Nonresponse
  • Medium
  • Possibility of Respondent Misunderstanding
  • Average
  • Degree of Interviewer Influence of Answer
  • Moderate

18
Telephone Surveys
  • Supervision of interviewers
  • High, especially with central location WATS
    interviewing
  • Anonymity of respondent
  • Moderate
  • Ease of call back or follow-up
  • Easy

19
Telephone Surveys
  • Cost
  • Low to moderate
  • Special features
  • Fieldwork and supervision of data collection are
    simplified quite adaptable to computer technology

20
Telephone Surveys
  • Central location interviewing
  • Computer-assisted telephone interviewing
  • Computerized voice-activated interviews

21
Most Unlisted Markets
  • Sacramento, CA
  • Oakland, CA
  • Fresno, CA
  • Los Angles/Long Beach, CA

22
The Frame, November 2001 Published by Survey
Sampling, Inc.
23
Self-Administered Questionnaires
24
Mail Surveys
25
Mail Surveys
  • Speed of data collection
  • Researcher has no control over return of
    questionnaire slow
  • Geographical flexibility
  • High
  • Respondent cooperation
  • Moderate--poorly designed questionnaire will have
    low response rate

26
Mail Surveys
  • Versatility of questioning
  • Highly standardized format
  • Questionnaire length
  • Varies depending on incentive
  • Item nonresponse
  • High

27
Mail Surveys
  • Possibility of respondent misunderstanding
  • Highest--no interviewer present for clarification
  • Degree of interviewer influence of answer
  • None--interviewer absent
  • Supervision of interviewers
  • Not applicable

28
Mail Surveys
  • Anonymity of respondent
  • High
  • Ease of call back or follow-up
  • Easy, but takes time
  • Cost
  • Lowest

29
How to Increase Response Rates for Mail Surveys
  • Write a sales oriented cover letter
  • Money helps
  • - As a token of appreciation
  • - For a charity
  • Stimulate respondents interest with
    interesting questions
  • Follow Up
  • - Keying questionnaires with codes
  • Advanced notification
  • Sponsorship by a well-known and prestigious
    institution

30
Increasing Response Rates
  • Effective cover letter
  • Money helps
  • Interesting questions
  • Follow-ups
  • Advanced notification
  • Survey sponsorship
  • Keying questionnaires

31
E-Mail Questionnaire Surveys
  • Speed of data collection
  • Instantaneous
  • Geographic flexibility
  • worldwide
  • Cheaper distribution and processing costs

32
E-Mail Questionnaire Surveys
  • Flexible, but
  • Extensive differences in the capabilities of
    respondents computers and e-mail software limit
    the types of questions and the layout
  • E-mails are not secure and eavesdropping can
    possibly occur
  • Respondent cooperation
  • Varies depending if e-mail is seen as spam

33
Internet Surveys
  • A self-administered questionnaire posted on a Web
    site.
  • Respondents provide answers to questions
    displayed online by highlighting a phrase,
    clicking an icon, or keying in an answer.

34
(No Transcript)
35
Internet Surveys
  • Speed of data collection
  • Instantaneous
  • Cost effective
  • Geographic flexibility
  • worldwide
  • Visual and interactive

36
Internet Surveys
  • Respondent cooperation
  • Varies depending on web site
  • Varies depending on type of sample
  • When user does not opt-in or expect a voluntary
    survey cooperation is low.
  • Self-selection problems in web site visitation
    surveys - participants tend to be more deeply
    involved than the average person.

37
Internet Surveys
  • Versatility of questioning
  • Extremely versatile
  • Questionnaire length
  • Individualized base on respondent answers
  • Longer questionnaires with panel samples
  • Item nonresponse
  • Software can assure none

38
Internet Surveys
  • Representative samples
  • The quality of internet samples may vary
    substantially.
  • A sample of those who visit a web page and
    voluntarily fill out a questionnaires can have
    self-selection error.

39
Internet Surveys
  • 1) not all individuals in the general public have
    internet access
  • 2) many respondents lack powerful computers with
    high-speed connections to the internet
  • 3) many respondents computer skills will be
    relatively unsophisticated.

40
Internet Surveys
  • Possibility for respondent misunderstanding
  • High
  • Interviewer influence of answers
  • None
  • Supervision of interviewers not required

41
Internet Surveys
  • Anonymity of Respondent
  • Respondent can be anonymous or known
  • Ease of Callback or Follow-up
  • difficult unless e-mail address is known
  • Special Features
  • allows graphics and streaming media

42
Welcome Screen
  • Welcome Screen like a cover letter
  • It contains the name of the research company and
    how to contact the organization if there is a
    problem or concern.
  • "If you have any concerns or questions about this
    survey, or if you experience any technical
    difficulties, please contact (NAME OF RESEARCH
    ORGANIZATION).

43
Welcome Screen should ask for password and give
instructions
  • Please enter your personal password from your
    invitation.Then, press the "enter" key to begin
    the survey or simply click on the right arrow at
    the bottom of the page to begin the survey (after
    you have read the remaining instructions)
  • During the survey, please do not use your
    browser's FORWARD and BACK buttons.
  • Use the arrows on the lower right to move
    backward and forward through the survey.

44
There is no best form of survey each has
advantages and disadvantages.
45
Selected Questions to Determine the Appropriate
Technique
  • Is the assistance of an interviewer necessary?
  • Are respondents interested in the issues being
    investigated?
  • Will cooperation be easily attained?

46
Selected Questions to Determine the Appropriate
Technique
  • How quickly is the information needed?
  • Will the study require a long and complex
    questionnaire?
  • How large is the budget?

47
Pretesting
  • A trial run with a group of respondents to iron
    out fundamental problems in the instructions of
    survey design

48
Practice is the best of all instructors.
Publius Syrus
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