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Culture

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Culture determines what people like and dislike, believe and don't believe, and ... a few words to describe snow where the Inuit Eskimo language has over twenty. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Culture


1
Culture
  • Chapter 3

2
Culture
  • Culture is a combination of knowledge, values,
    language, and customs passed from generation to
    generation.
  • Material
  • Non-material

3
Passing on culture
  • Culture determines what people like and dislike,
    believe and don't believe, and what we value or
    don't value.
  • It is because of culture that boys feel they need
    to act manly and girls feel they need to wear
    makeup or perfume.

4
Society
  • A society is a group of people who live in a
    particular territory and participate in a common
    culture. 
  • We are not born knowing our culture, therefore we
    have to learn it.

5
Instincts
  • Instincts are unlearned patterns of behavior
  • Reflexes
  • Drives

6
Symbols
  • Symbols are things that stand for or represent
    something else.
  •  
  • Ex A confederate flag is a symbol of oppression
    for African-Americans and a proud cultural
    heritage for many white southerners.
  • When something is important in a society it will
    have many different words to describe it. 
  • Ex The English language has only a few words to
    describe snow where the Inuit Eskimo language has
    over twenty.

7
Norms
  • Norms are rules defining appropriate and
    inappropriate behavior.
  • Norms help to explain why people in a society or
    group behave similarly in similar circumstances. 
  • Ex. Whispering in church, farting in public
  • Take a few minutes to list a few norms in our
    society.

8
Customs
  • Take a break and read customs on page 82.
  • YES THIS MEANS YOU!!!

9
Types of Norms
  • We don't notice norms very often until they are
    broken. 
  • Ex if someone breaks in line for the restroom at
    the Cardinals game.
  • There are three types of norms  folkways, mores,
    and laws

10
Folkways
  • Folkways are rules that are not of serious
    importance in a society.  Folkways lack moral
    value.
  •  
  • EX taking your hat off indoors, placing a napkin
    on your lap at a nice restaurant, not wearing
    shorts with a shirt and tie.
  • Disapproval of those who break them is not very
    great.

11
Mores
  • Mores are norms of great moral significance. 
    They are vital to the well-being of a society
    that they be followed.
  • Some examples of mores being broken are cheating
    on your husband or wife, ignoring your children,
    letting your nine year old child play outside at
    11 p.m.

12
Taboos
  • More serious mores are called taboos.  A taboo is
    a more so strong that a violation may require
    punishment from the group. 
  • EX incest.

13
Laws
  • Mores and folkways are often unconsciously
    created where as laws are consciously created and
    enforced.
  • Read the laws on page 86.

14
Sanctions
  • Sanctions are rewards and punishments that
    encourage conformity to norms
  • Formal
  • Informal

15
Values
  • Values are broad ideas about what most people in
    a society consider to be desirable. 
  • Cultural diversity exists in all societies.  Some
    of this diversity results from social
    categories. 
  • These are characteristics like age, gender, race,
    religion, etc.  These social categories are
    expected to behave in a certain way. 
  • Ex 50 cent rapping compared to George Bush
    rapping.

16
Subculture
  • Subcultures exist in large, complex societies. 
    They are smaller cultures inside of larger
    cultures. 
  • Ex musicians, professional athletes, the
    Catholic community, etc.

17
Counterculture
  • Counterculture is a subculture that is against or
    opposed to the main beliefs and attitudes of a
    larger culture. 
  • Ex. Gothic scene, white supremacist groups,
    hippies.

18
Ethnocentrism
  • When people judge other cultures based on their
    own cultural standards this is called
    ethnocentrism. 
  • We are all probably guilty of doing this at some
    point. 
  • Ex putting in lip plates for beauty and status

19
Cultural universals and particulars
  • Cultural universals are traits that exist in all
    cultures. 
  • Ex. sports, cooking, religion, funerals,
    language, etc.
  • How these cultural universals are practiced,
    however, are may times completely unique.  The
    difference is called cultural particulars. 
  • Ex child rearing is a cultural universal. 
    However, in the U.S. women are mostly given the
    responsibility of taking care of the child, but
    in New Guinea the man is completely in charge of
    child rearing.
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