II' Forgetting

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II. Forgetting

• Module 19 Forgetting

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A. Encoding Failure

• Occurs when information does not go into memory
  because it is unimportant, unnecessary, or the
  brain has lost the ability to encode

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Which is the Right Penny?(From Nickerson
Adams, 1979)
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Which is the Right Penny? (From Nickerson
Adams, 1979)
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B. Storage Failure

• Module 19 Forgetting and Memory Construction

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1. Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909)

• Developed the forgetting curve, or Ebbinghaus
  curve, which states that how well we remember
  information depends on how long ago we learned it

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The Forgetting Curve(Adapted from Ebbinghaus,
1885)
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C. Retrieval Failure

• Module 19 Forgetting and Memory Construction

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1. Interference when one memory blocks another

• Proactive interference An older memory disrupts
  a newer memory
• Retroactive interference A newer memory
  disrupts an older memory

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2. Motivated Forgetting

• Module 19 Forgetting and Memory Construction

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a) Repression Freuds concept of moving
anxiety-producing memories to the unconscious

• Supposed means of protecting oneself from painful
  memories

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3. Memory Construction
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a) The Misinformation Effect

• Unintentionally adding misleading info into ones
  memory of an event
• Elizabeth Loftus (1944- ) Found that
  subjects memories varied based on the wording of
  questions

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b) Childrens Recall

• Children are very open to suggestions
• Research has shown childrens testimony to be
  unreliable
• Ex Some therapists use techniques that increase
  the likelihood a patient will construct a false
  memory of childhood sexual abuse.

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Accurate Interviewing Methods

• To promote accuracy with childrens testimony the
  interviewer should
• Phrase questions in a way the child can
  understand
• Have no prior contact with the child
• Use neutral language and do not lead or suggest
  answers

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Shy Droopy Dopey Sniffy Wishful Puffy Dumpy Sneezy
Lazy Pop
Grumpy Bashful Cheerful Teach Shorty Nifty Happy D
oc Wheezy Stubby
WHO ARE THE 7 DWARFS?
Grouchy Gabby Fearful Sleepy Smiley Jumpy Hopeful
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The End