Developmental Psychology

1
Developmental Psychology
Mathematics in Pre-Verbal Infants
Possible outcome
1. two objects placed in viewer
2. Objects are concealed
3. One object seen to be removed
Impossible outcome
2
Developmental Psychology
Mathematics in Pre-Verbal Infants
Infants will stare longer at the impossible
outcome (2 objects still there after one has been
removed)
Suggests that even pre-verbal children have some
innate mathematical/logical abilities
3
Developmental Psychology
Social Development
Attachment emotional tie with another person
Evident in the childs desire for close contact
with their caregiver, and in the distress shown
by infants when separated from their caregiver
4
Developmental Psychology
Social Development
Stranger Anxiety fear of strangers displayed by
infants
Usually begins to appear at about 8 months
5
Developmental Psychology
Social Development
What is it about the caregiver that the infant
responds to?
Infant monkeys prefer contact with the cloth
mother even when they are fed by the wire
mother
Parent as safe haven
6
Developmental Psychology
Social Development
Critical Period a specific time during which
certain environmental stimuli must be present in
order for optimal development
7
Developmental Psychology
Social Development
Imprinting in many species, there is a critical
period for proper bonding between parent and
offspring (often very soon after birth)
8
Developmental Psychology
Social Development
Parenting Style
The kind of interaction the infant has with its
parent(s) will have an influence on later
behavior / temperament
9
Developmental Psychology
Social Development
Monkeys in the previously mentioned artificial
mother studies were terrified and incapable of
interaction with others when separated from their
mother
10
Developmental Psychology
Social Development
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian
-impose rules and expect obedience
-little or no demonstration of affection
-tends to produce children who do not internalize
social/moral/ethical rules
11
Developmental Psychology
Social Development
Parenting Styles
Permissive -few demands or expectations -child
is basically free to do as they please -also
tends to produce children who do not internalize
social/moral/ethical rules
12
Developmental Psychology
Social Development
Parenting Styles
Authoritative -demands and expectations are
explained to the child -input from the child is
valued -tends to produce self-reliant, socially
competent, children
13
Developmental Psychology
Social Development
Parenting Styles
It is important to note that data on the various
parenting styles is correlational, not
experimental, data. There may be a 3rd factor
that influences both the parenting style and the
childs temperament (e.g., the parents get along
with each other)
14
Developmental Psychology
Moral Development
Kohlbergs Moral Ladder
Ideally, people should progress through the three
stages as part of a normal moral development
Postconventional
Conventional
Preconventional