Growth and Development in Less Developed Nations

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Growth and Development in Less Developed Nations

• 2A

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Definitions

• Growth is the increase in an economys land,
  labor and capital.
• Development is increase in quality of life and
  freedom of to make choices.
• Globalization is the reliance that countries have
  on one another.

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Less Developed Nations (LDN) typically have

• Low standards of living
• High population growth
• Primary production
• Low productivity rate
• High unemployment rates
• Unequal power distribution.

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Main Goals

• Sufficient nutrition
• Control HIV/AIDS

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Goals of Promoting Growth and Development in LDNs

• For less developed nations to have enough
  economic and social stability to function on
  their own ready to face possible/eventual
  disruptions.

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Quote from The State of Food Insecurity in the
World Report of 2002

• While poverty is undoubtedly a cause of hunger,
  hunger can also be a cause of poverty. In fact,
  hunger often deprives impoverished people of one
  valuable resource that they can call their own
  strength and skill to carry out productive work.

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Malnutrition Statistics

• The effect of stunting and iodine and iron
  deficiency reduce GDP by 2-4 per year.
• An estimated 840 million people went hungry in
  2002, a rise of 25 million since 2001.
• 1 in 7 children born in countries where hunger is
  most common will die before reaching the age of
  5.
• Between 50 and 60 per cent of all childhood
  deaths in the developing world are caused
  directly or indirectly by hunger and
  malnutrition.
• There are about 153million underweight children
  under the age of 5 in the developing world.

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Challenges in Battling Malnutrition

• Famine Obviously with famine, there is a lack
  of local food to go around.
• Lack of ready workers Means lack of people
  producing food to begin with, therefore
  productivity is lowered.
• Political instability Can also be thought of as
  lack of social infrastructure which could lead to
  problems in food production, trade and
  distribution.
• Trade Without proper trade systems, countries
  that arent able to produce enough of their own
  food can fall back on another product of theirs
  to exchange for food.
• Unequal distribution The poorer stay poor and
  the richer stay richer.
• Chain reaction of Employment See unemployment
  cycle.

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Opportunity Cost of Malnourishment and
Production/Employment
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Unemployment Cycle
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How to Promote Growth and Development

• Provide General Healthcare Nursing people to
  health will create more ready workers for a more
  prosperous economy.
• Support agricultural development Provide
  fertilizers subsidies etc.
• Aid in implementing trade system - According to
  the Global Envision website, Without a well
  functioning market for their crops, they struggle
  to sell even these diminishing yields before they
  rot.
• Support and Encourage Political Stability To
  maintain and monitor the above.

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closing words on malnutrition

• Clearly, no single organization can solve world
  hunger. Its causes are incredibly complex and
  its solution requires more than food aid alone.
• World Food Day Agency Chief
• James Morris

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Groups/Countries Greatly Affected by HIV/AIDS

• Cambodia
• At the end of 2001, the adult HIV prevalence was
  at 2.7
• Has been spread almost entirely by sexual
  transmission (much from commercial sex work)
• 12,000 children under 15 are living with HIV/AIDS
• 55,000 have lost at least one parent from AIDS by
  the end of 2001

• Nigeria
• Adult HIV prevalence in 2001 was estimated at
  5.8
• 3.5 million were living with HIV/AIDS in 2001.
• In 96, 70 of sex workers tested positive.
• about 1 million children orphaned by AIDS in 2001

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Challenges in Battling HIV/AIDS

• Unawareness The masses are not aware of
  contraceptive methods and/or how AIDS are
  transmitted.
• Healthcare costs they are too high for people
  in LDNs to take advantage of.
• Lack of political will policy makers aren't
  committed to relieving the problem.
• Insufficient drugs Drugs that work for AIDS in
  some countries do not have the same effect on
  people of different genetic codes (races).
• Inability to keep sufficient medical records
  Medical records enable authorities to keep track
  of patients and unborn children who may have
  contacted HIV.

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How to Promote Growth and Development

• Establish AIDS awareness and prevention programs
• Increase availability of healthcare Lower
  prices and create more, effective facilities.
• Research - to create drugs that work for greatly
  effected races
• Care for HIV/AIDS infected orphans and vulnerable
  children
• Implement HIV surveillance systems Blood safety
  programs.
• Create networks - of people living with HIV/AIDS
  support systems.

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The Clinton Foundation

• Has made agreement with four pharmaceutical
  companies to reduce the cost of HIV/AIDS drugs by
  at least 45 in Caribbean and African countries.
• The Foundation's goal is to help developing
  countries "mobilize political will" and set up
  the systematic changes to scale up their
  healthcare infrastructure and provide a
  comprehensive approach to HIV prevention and
  treatment

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Globalization

• World Bank
• Multisectoral HIV/AIDS Control and Orphans
  Project 
• Grassroots Initiative to Fight Hunger and Poverty
  Project 

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Measuring Progress w. Index
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Index
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Malnutrition Sources Sited

• Africa Could Grown Enough to Feed Itself Should
  It?, World Bank, (no date), http//www.globalenvi
  sion.org/index.php?fuseactionlibrary.view_details
  category6itemid302
• International Food Wars Interview with Bruce
  Strokes, globalenvision.org, (no date),
  http//www.globalenvision.org/index.php?fuseaction
  library.printprinterfriendly1category10itemi
  d415
• The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2002,
  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
  Nations Website,
• Undernourishment around the world, FOOD AND
  AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
  WEBSITE, 2002, http//www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y7352
  E/y7352e03.htmP0_0
• World Hunger situation worsening, cnn.com,
  October 17, 2003, http//www.cn.com/2003/WORLD/eur
  ope/10/16/food.hunger/index.html

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AIDS Sources Sited

• Clinton brokers AIDS drugs deal, cnn.com,
  October 23, 2003, http//www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLIC
  S/10/23/clinton/index.html
• Country Profile AIDS Cambodia, U.S. Agency
  for International Development Bureau for Global
  Health Website, January 2003, http//www.usaid.gov
  /pop_health/aids/countries/ane/cambodia.html
• HIV/AIDS in Nigeria A USAID Brief, U.S. Agency
  for International Development Bureau for Global
  Health Website, July 2002, lthttp//
• Warren, Patricia Nell, AIDS and the World Bank
  Global Blackmail?, alternet.org, June 27, 2000,
  http//www.alternet.org/print.html?StoryID9360
• Mitchell, Deborah, 'Expansion Planned by Clinton
  Foundation HIV/AIDS Initiative, June 18, 2003,
  http//www.hivandhepatitis.com/recent/developing/0
  61803g.html
• World Bank Group, Multisectoral HIV/AIDS Control
  and Orphans Project, December 5 2003, World Bank
  Homepage, http//web.worldbank.org/external/projec
  ts/main?pagePK104231piPK73230theSitePK40941m
  enuPK228424ProjectidP071371

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Additional Sources

• Developing Countries and Globalization,
  globalenvision.org, (no date), http//www.globalen
  vision.org/library/10/497/13/
• Ambrogi, Thomas E., On a Fast Track to
  Disaster, alternet.org, http//www.alternet.org/s
  tory.html?StoryID12112
• Benefits of Globalization Interview with Robert
  D. Hormats, globalenvision.org, (no date),
  http//www.globalenvision.org/library/10/390/6/
• World Bank Group, Global AIDS Epidemic Shows No
  Sign of Abating, December 1, 2003, World Bank
  Webpage, http//web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/
  NEWS/0,,contentMDK20141719menuPK34457pagePK64
  003015piPK64003012theSitePK4607,00.html
• World Bank Group, Grassroots Initiative to Fight
  Hunger and Poverty Project, December 5, 2003,
  World Bank Webpage http//web.worldbank.org/extern
  al/projects/main?pagePK104231piPK73230theSiteP
  K40941menuPK228424ProjectidP035617