Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

• Presented By Courtney Bemiss and Scott Tice

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A Look at the Heart

• Grown ups heart is the size of fist
• Average adult- 5 ½ ins. long and 3 ½ ins. Across
• Less 1lb
• Lies in middle of chest cavity attached to
  breastbone
• Lies between lungs, w/ lower end, or apex
  pointing left

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A Look at the Heart continued

• Apex pulses w/ every beat of heart
• Heart is made of special muscle tissue
• Not located anywhere else on body
• Also different b/c heart needs less rest than
  other muscle tissue

• Enclosed in double bag or sac
• Sac fits tightly around heart and is attached
• _at_ apex, it folds over on itself and forms an
  outer sac
• Fits loosely over heart except at top and bottom

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• Heart is attached to large blood vessels that
  stem out from heart
• In between the 2 sacs there is thin fluid that
  keeps the heart muscles surfaces smooth and
  lubricated

• Liquid also supports heart and cushions it as it
  beats
• 2 chambers of heart- left atrium and right atrium
  are heart upper, or receiving chambers
• Left and right ventricles are the lower, or
  pumping chambers
• Blood can only enter upper atria and exit through
  lower ventricles

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• Septum (thick muscle) separates left and right
  side of heart
• 2 sides dont interact w/ the other and pump
  blood separately
• Left side- larger and stronger
• Must do five times more work

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The Heart at Work

• Must pump about 2,000 gals. of blood each day
• Beats average of 70/min.
• Sinus node is hearts pacemaker
• Able to start a heartbeat every 8/10 of a second
  throughout persons life
• Establishes pace heart will beat

• Muscle at top of heart contract first
• Then ripples down to rest of the chambers
• After each contraction- each chamber rest 4/10 of
  sec.

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The Heart at Work continued

• Since cardiac cycle takes place every 8/10 of a
  sec.- means heart rest ½ of its working time
• Heart of average man beats 70 times/ min.
• Heart of average woman beats 78 times/ min.
• Heavy exercise- 8 times more blood
• Chambers can enlarge to double size

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Congenital Heart Defects

• People are born w/ this
• 1 out 100 babies born w/ some congenital disorder
• Most common- hole in heart of newborn

• This condition called ventricular septal defect
• Hole in the wall of the two ventricals
• Can also be atrial septal defect

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Acquired Heart Disease

• Coronary artery disease (CAD) heart muscles not
  receiving enough oxygen
• B/c something blocking coronary arteries
• Arteries become blocked w/ fat and other cell
  accumulations called plaque

• At 1st build up is slight and blood is able to
  still pass
• Plaque may increase and more materials build up
  blood can hardly pass

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Rescue Breathing and Chest Compressions

• A.- Airway
• If collapsed person is found determine if person
  is unconscious. No response shout help and call
  911
• If not lying flat on back roll victim on back
  move at one time as one unit

• Open airway
• Lift chin with one hand while pushing down on
  forehead w/ other to tilt head back
• Once airway is open check to see if persons
  breathing
• If opening airway does not cause person to
  breath,rescue breathing must be provided

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Rescue Breathing and Chest Compressions continued

• B.- Breathing(Rescue Breathing)
• Pinch victims nose shut using thumb and
  forefinger. Keep heel of hand on victims
  forehead to maintain head tilt. Other hand should
  remain on victims chin lifting up

• Immediately give 2 full breaths while maintaining
  an air- tight seal w/ mouth on victims mouth

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Continued

• C.- Circulation(Chest Compressions)
• After giving 2 breaths, locate pulse to see if
  heart is beating
• To find pulse- use hand supporting chin to locate
  Adams Apple
• Slide tips of fingers down into groove beside AA.
  Feel for pulse
• If no pulse artificial circulation and rescue
  breathing must be provided

• Kneel at victims side near chest
• W/ middle and forefingers of hand nearest the
  legs, locate notch where bottom rims of ribcage
  meet middle of chest
• Place heel of hand on breastbone(sternum) next to
  notch
• Place other hand on top of the one that is in
  position

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Continued

• May finder it easier if fingers are interlocked
• Press downward w/ shoulders directly over
  victims body
• Then relax pressure on sternum completely
• Dont remove hands from victims sternum, but
  allow chest to return to normal position between
  compressions
• Relaxation and compression should be of equal
  duration

• Proper ratio of compressions to breathing- 15/2
• Compress at rate of 80 to 100 times/min.

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Infants(birth to 1 yr) and Children(1 to 8 yrs)

• Infants head should not be tilted back to far
• Might block breathing passages
• Dont pinch nose of infant
• Cover mouth and nose w/ your mouth
• Breath slowly enough to make chest rise
• Small child pinch nose cover mouth w/ your mouth
• Breath same way as infant

• Feel infants pulse on inside of upper arm midway
  between elbow and shoulder
• Pulse check in small child is same as adult

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Continued

• Use only tips of middle and ring finger of one
  hand to do compressions on infant
• Breaths to be given after every 5th compression

• Small children- use only one heel of hand
• Breaths after every 5th compression

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History of CPR

• Developed in late 1950s early 1960s
• Discovers of mouth to mouth- Drs. James Elam,
  Peter Safar
• Described in Bible- used by midwives
• 1960s- Drs. Kouwenhoven, Knickerbocker, Jude
  discovered benefits of compressions
• B/c of small artificial circulation

• In later 1960s mouth to mouth and compressions
  combined to form CPR

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Mrs. Jan DickensVocational teacher

• Question Have you ever performed CPR on anyone?
• Ans No
• Question What are the CPR requirements for the
  school faculty?
• Ans She does not know never heard of any.
  Monroe did say that there were not any, but
  optional CPR in-service available

• Question What has changed about CPR method over
  the years?
• Ans Used to be health professionals used 5/1 and
  regular people 15/2. Now all 15/2.
• Now use 1/3 persons chest depth instead of 1 1/2
  or 2 ins persons chest depth

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Dickens continued...

• Question What can you tell us about the history
  of CPR?
• Ans. Nothing
• Question How have HIV/AIDS changed the way CPR
  is performed and the methods used?

• Ans Now they teach people to use masks, instead
  of not using them

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THE END